cartilage and bone (ch 6)

Question 1

what are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 1

hyaline, elastic, fibro-cartilage

Question 2

what are the functions of cartilage?

Answer 2

support/protection, provide a gliding surface at articulations, forms joins and embryonic skeleton

Question 3

what is cartilage made of?

Answer 3

collagen and ground substance (complex sugar proteins)

Question 4

what are the cells that produce the matrix of the cartilage?

Answer 4

chrondroblasts

Question 5

Actively mitotic form of a matrix-forming cell found in growing cartilage.

Answer 5

chondroblast (cartilage forming cell)

Question 6

Mature, nondividing cartilage cell.

Answer 6

chondrocyte (cartilage maintaining cell)

Question 7

true or false: cartilage is avascular

Answer 7

true (which is why it has a tough time regenerating)

Question 8

Chondrocytes occupy small spaces called ___

Answer 8

lacunae

Question 9

what are the two ways cartilage grows?

Answer 9

interstitial and appositional growth

Question 10

what protects and regenerates cartilage?

Answer 10

perichondrium

Question 11

interstitial growth is growth in length, while appositional growth is growth in ____

Answer 11

diameter

Question 12

what type of cartilage growth is this?:
chondrocytes divide via mitosis and secrete new
matrix to separate into new lacunae

Answer 12

interstitial

Question 13

what type of cartilage growth is this?
chondroblasts secrete new matrix at the
periphery of cartilage, deep to the perichondrium

Answer 13

appositional growth

Question 14

what type of cartilage is the most common?

Answer 14

hyaline

Question 15

which type of cartilage is the least common?

Answer 15

elastic

Question 16

which type of cartilage forms the skeleton of the fetus?

Answer 16

hyaline

Question 17

true or false: collagen fibers are visible in hyaline cartilage

Answer 17

false

Question 18

where are elastic cartilage found?

Answer 18

in external ear and epiglottis

Question 19

between elastic and fibrocartilage, which is highly flexible, and which resists stretching?

Answer 19

elastic is flexible, fibrocartilage resists stretching and compression

Question 20

how are chondrocytes arranged in fibrocartilage?

Answer 20

in columns

Question 21

where are fibrocartilage found?

Answer 21

in symphyses and cushions of joints

Question 22

true or false: fibrocartilage has no perichondrium

Answer 22

true

Question 23

how are elastic fibers in elastic cartilage arranged?

Answer 23

arranged in an irregular pattern

Question 24

bones are flexible yet __

Answer 24

rigid

Question 25

this describes the process of formation and development of blood cells

Answer 25

hematopoiesis

Question 26

where does hematopoiesis occur?

Answer 26

in red bone marrow

Question 27

where are long bones found?

Answer 27

arm, forearm, hand, fingers, thigh, leg, foot

Question 28

where are short bones found?

Answer 28

wrist and ankle

Question 29

true or false: bone is vascular

Answer 29

true

Question 30

what are sesamoid bones?

Answer 30

bone that develop within tendons, e.g. kneecap

Question 31

what is bone composed of?

Answer 31

cells and matrix (which is composed of collagen fibers and ground substance)

Question 32

what are the three types of bone cells?

Answer 32

osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts

Question 33

bone-forming cells, aka

Answer 33

osteoblasts

Question 34

bone-maintaining cells, aka

Answer 34

osteocytes

Question 35

bone-destroying cells, aka

Answer 35

osteoclasts

Question 36

how do osteocytes differ from osteoblasts?

Answer 36

osteocytes are matured bone cells derived from osteoblasts that become entrapped in the matrix they secreted

Question 37

Elongated, rodlike part of a long bone between its two ends; the shaft of a long bone.

Answer 37

diaphysis

Question 38

Expanded, knobby region at the end of a long bone.

Answer 38

epiphysis

Question 39

what is the epiphysis composed of?

Answer 39

outer layer of compact bone and an inner layer of spongy bone

Question 40

former site of bone growth (growth plate), between | diaphysis and epiphysis

Answer 40

metaphysis

Question 41

these are thin bones with spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of compact bone

Answer 41

flat bones

Question 42

where are flat bones found?

Answer 42

cranium, shoulder blade, sternum

Question 43

these are the bones with no obvious geometric regularity

Answer 43

irregular bones

Question 44

where are irregular bones found?

Answer 44

bones in face and vertebral column

Question 45

bone cells that large, phagocytic; derived from fused bone marrow cells

Answer 45

osteoclasts

Question 46

what are the two types of bone connective tissue?

Answer 46

compact bone (aka dense or cortical) and spongy bone (aka cancellous)

Question 47

dense bone on the external surfaces made up of Haversian systems (osteons)

Answer 47

compact bone

Question 48

cylindrical channel that lies in the center of the osteon; blood vessels and nerves run through it

Answer 48

central canal (aka Haversian canal)

Question 49

tiny channels through bone connective tissue that connect lacunae and the central canal

Answer 49

canaliculi

Question 50

housed in lacunae and occur between adjacent concentric lamellae

Answer 50

osteocytes

Question 51

run perpendicular to the central canals and help connect multiple central canals; also have blood vessels and nerves running through

Answer 51

Volkmann canals

Question 52

type of bone that contains no osteons ( aka Haversian systems) and is composed of parallel lamella

Answer 52

spongy bone

Question 53

lightweight, honeycombed bone within bone (surrounded by bone marrow)

Answer 53

spongy bone

Question 54

what are the bone-associated connective tissues?

Answer 54

periosteum, endosteum, articular cartilage

Question 55

a dense connective tissue that covers the external surface of bone

Answer 55

periosteum

Question 56

a loose connective tissue that lines the medullary cavity

Answer 56

endosteum

Question 57

hyaline cartilage placed at the ends of bones for mobile joints

Answer 57

articular cartilage

Question 58

what are the three layers of the trilaminar disk?

Answer 58

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm