Cartography and Visualization

Question 1

Contour Line

Answer 1

a function of two variables is a curve along which the function has a constant value - joins points of equal value on a line

Question 2

Contour Interval

Answer 2

difference in elevation between successive contour lines

Question 3

Physical Geography

Answer 3

branch of natural science which deals with the study of processes and patterns in the natural environment like the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and geosphere

Question 4

Divergent Plate Boundaries

Answer 4

boundaries where plates move away from each other

Question 5

Transform Plate Boundaries

Answer 5

one plate slide3s horizontally past another plate

Question 6

Covergent Plate Boundaries

Answer 6

Two plates move toward each other

Question 7

Continents

Answer 7

large, continuous discrete masses of land separated by expanses of water - Physical Geography may include islands

Question 8

Landform

Answer 8

a natural feature of the Earth’s surface (hills, mountains, plateaus, canyons, valleys, bays, peninsulas, seas)

Question 9

Topography

Answer 9

field of geoscience and planetary science comprising the study of surface shape and features of the Earth and other observable astronomical objects including planets, moons and asteroids

Question 10

Primary Aid

Answer 10

collected specifically for the purpose of a researcher’s particular study

Question 11

Secondary Data

Answer 11

collected for another purpose by someone other than the researcher

Question 12

5 Types of Measurement

Answer 12

Physical Measurement, Observation of Behavior, Archives, Explicit Reports, Computational Modeling

Question 13

Physical Measurement

Answer 13

Recording physical properties of the Earth or it’s inhabitants - size, number, temperature, chemical makeup

Question 14

Observation of Behavior

Answer 14

Observable actions or activities of individuals or groups - not thoughts, feelings or motivations

Question 15

Archives

Answer 15

records that have been collected primarily of non-research purposes (secondary)

Question 16

Explicit Reports

Answer 16

Beliefs people express about things - surveys

Question 17

Computational Modeling

Answer 17

models as simplified representations of portions of reality

Question 18

Quantitative Data

Answer 18

numerical values, measured on at least an ordinal level but could be on a metric level

Question 19

Qualitative Data

Answer 19

nonnumerical or numerical values that have no quantitative meaning

Question 20

Deceptive Mapping

Answer 20

maps can be distorted for propaganda, military protections or ignorance

Question 21

Thematic Map

Answer 21

type of map especially designed to show a particular theme connected with a specific geographic area

Question 22

Choropleth

Answer 22

areas are shaded according to prearranged key, each shading or color type represents a range of values

Question 23

Proportional Symbol

Answer 23

Symbol drawn proportional in size to the size of the variable being represented

Question 24

Isarithmic or Isopleth

Answer 24

Lines of equal value are drawn ( contour lines) or ranges of similar values are filled with similar colors or patterns

Question 25

Dot

Answer 25

Shows distribution of phenomena where values and locations are known - place a dot where the location of variable is

Question 26

Dasymetric

Answer 26

alternative to choropleth - ancillary information is used to model internal distribution of the phenomenon

Question 27

Multivariate Displays

Answer 27

Putting more that two sets of data on one map ( single map shows population density and annual rainfall and cancer rates)

Question 28

Web Mapping

Answer 28

Process of using maps delivered by GIS - web maps are both served and consumed

Question 29

Map Layout Elements

Answer 29

a title, map, legend, map scale, supporting media, north arrow, metadata

Question 30

Symbols

Answer 30

represents things on a map

Question 31

Map Accuracy

Answer 31

difficult to assess, all maps show a selective view of reality - instead should ask if the map is appropriate for my purposes

Question 32

Map Scale

Answer 32

1:100 - one inch represents 100 inches in the real world

Question 33

Symbolization Variables

Answer 33

size, shape, orientation, pattern, hue, value

Question 34

Symbolization Variables (Quantitative)

Answer 34

Size and Value

Question 35

Symbolization Variables ( Qualitative)

Answer 35

Shape, Pattern and Hue

Question 36

Typography

Answer 36

the design of text, point size, line length, typefaces

Question 37

Classification

Answer 37

Objects with similar symbols - up to 7 classes recommended but should stick to 5 - classes should be exhaustive (describe all possible values) and should not overlap (no value can fall within two classes)

Question 38

Equal Range

Answer 38

Equal distance between class breaks

Question 39

Quantiles

Answer 39

equal number of observations in each class

Question 40

Standard Deviation

Answer 40

class breaks based on distance of standard deviation from the mean

Question 41

Natural Breaks

Answer 41

class breaks conform to gaps in data distribution