Case 1: Fresher's flu Flashcards

Question

What are Zola's triggers?

Answer 1

Zola suggested that health-seeking behaviour for a symptom or illness may be triggered by: - The occurrence of an interpersonal crisis - Perceived interference with social or personal relations (if it prevents you from socialising) - Sanctioning by others (being told) - Perceived interference with vocational or physical activity (if it prevents you from doing an activity you enjoy) - Temporalizing (for example setting a deadline, i.e. "I'll go to the doctor if my fever is not gone by Monday")

Answer 2

This model suggests that a patient considers the following questions when faced with possible illness (and more specifically has these questions in mind when seeing a doctor): - What has happened? This includes organising the symptoms and signs into a recognisable pattern, and giving it a name or identity - Why has it happened? Cause of the condition - Why has it happened to me? This tries to relate the illness to aspects of the patient, such as behaviour, diet, body-build, personality or heredity - Why now? This concerns the timing of the illness and its' mode of onset (sudden or slow) - What would happen to me if nothing were done about it? This considers its' likely course, outcome, prognosis and dangers. - What should I do about it - or to whom should I turn for further help?

Answer 3

1. Haemagglutinin attaches onto Sialic acid on the cell surface membrane of the endothelial cells. 2. The virus enters the cell via endocytosis and releases its RNA into the cytoplasm of the host cell . 3. The viral RNA is imported into the nucleus 4. The viral RNA is replicated using the host cell replication machinery. 5. The viral RNA is exported to the cytoplasm and starts to be translated by host ribosomes. Viral proteins are synthesised. 6. The viral RNA and proteins assemble to form new viruses. They leave and infect more cells.

Answer 4

A viral membrane glycoprotein that binds to Sialic acid on RBCs/ lung endothelial cells.

Answer 5

Haemagglutination- this creates a | network / lattice of interconnected RBCs and virus particles.

Answer 6

A glycoside hydrolase enzyme which cleaves the sialic acid side groups from glycoproteins to allow viruses to be released from cells (as HA would otherwise remain bound to sialic acid, keeping the virus attached to the cell) and go onto infect other cells.

Answer 7

- Antigenic drift (all influenza viruses) | - Antigenic shift (influenza A only)

Answer 8

- Natural mutation over time of a known strain resulting in small genetic changes. The immune system can still recognise the virus. - Antigenic drift therefore may lead to a loss of immunity however, because genetic changes can accumulate over time and change viruses enough that they can't be recognised.

Answer 9

- Abrupt, major change in genetic material - The genetic change confers a phenotypic change which requires an entirely new antigenic response. Therefore, when shift happens, most people have little or no protection against the new virus and the population is at risk of a pandemic.

Answer 10

- When two or more different strains of a virus infect the same cell, their genetic material can combine to produce progeny with new HA/NA combinations. - Antigenic shift ONLY happens in Influenza A

Answer 11

RNA does not have a proof-reading mechanism like we have in our DNA. This means inaccuracies are less likely to be corrected and mutations are morel likely to occur.

Answer 12

Sialic acid is present on erythrocyte, upper airway and lung endothelial cell membranes

Case 1: Fresher's flu Flashcards

(36 cards)