Case 1 - Tongue

Question 1

Which type of papillae lacks taste buds ?

Answer 1

Filiform papillae

Question 2

Which papillae is heavily keratinized?

a) Fungiform
b) filiform
c) circumvallate

Answer 2

b) Filiform papillae

Question 3

Approximately , how many taste buds are present on each vallate papilla ?

Answer 3

250 taste buds

Question 4

Mention the functions of the salivary ( Von Ebner’s ) gland ?

Answer 4

1) Provides a continuous flow of fluid over the taste buds [ that are abundant on the sides of these papillae]
2) Washing away food particles [ so that the taste buds can receive and process new gustatory stimuli ] .

Question 5

What is the connective tissue covered with in the lingual papillae?

a) stratified squamous epithelium
b) stratified columnar epithelium
c) pseudostratified epithelium
d) simple keratinized squamous epithelium

Answer 5

a) stratified squamous epithelium

Question 6

Taste buds has 5 categories. Fill in the blank for each tastants with its mediated component.

Solved Exercise: ———> Salty : sodium ions

1) Sour : ____________
2) Sweet : ____________
3) Bitter : _____________
4) Umami : ____________

Answer 6

1) Sour : hydrogen ions from acids
2) Sweet : sugars and other related compounds
3) Bitter : alkaloids and certain toxins
4) Umami : Glutamate and aspartate ( amino acids )

Question 7

Which papillae is lightly keratinized?

a) Fungiform
b) filiform
c) circumvallate

Answer 7

a) fungiform papillae

Question 8

What is the lining of the lower surface of tongue ?

Answer 8

Smooth with typical lining mucosa

Question 9

A v-shaped groove separates the papillary area from the tonsillar area of the dorsal surface of tongue which is known as ?

Answer 9

Sulcus Terminalis

Question 10

Which type of papillae has the following characteristics?

• Parallel ridges on each side of the tongues
• Located anterior to sulcus terminalis
• Best developed in young children

Answer 10

Foliate papillae

Question 11

Which statement is true about the dorsal surface of tongue?

a) irregular ; has frenulum and salivary glands
b) irregular; because of the elevated mucosa membrane
c) smooth ; doesn’t have any protruding structures
d) smooth ; with lingual papillae all over its surface

Answer 11

b) irregular; because of the elevated mucosa membrane

- Explanation: “ The 4 lingual papillae are elevations of the mucous membrane “

Question 12

Which type of papillae provides friction to help movement of food ?

Answer 12

Filiform papillae

Question 13

Which statement is not true about vallate papillae?

a) They are the largest papillae and they are 8 to 12 in number
b) They are located in front of suclus terminalis
c) They are rudimentary in adults
d) It has many taste buds as its distinctive feature

Answer 13

c) They are rudimentary in adults
- Explanation : This statement is false . Because the foliate papillae is the type which is rudimentary in humans. While all the other statements were true about the vallate papillae.

Question 14

Which enzyme secreted by the salivary glands prevents the formation of a hydrophobic film that would hinder gustation ?

a) Amylase
b) lipase
c) protease

Answer 14

b) lipase

Question 15

Taste buds has 50-100 cells , What are some of these cells ?

Answer 15

1) Gustatory cells ( 7 - 10 day lifespan)
2) Supportive cells ( immature cells )
3) Basal stem cells ( slow dividing cells )

Question 16

Which structure enters the base of each taste buds ?

Answer 16

Afferent sensory axons ( that will form a synapse with the gustatory cells )

Question 17

What is the role of the glands found in the vallate papillae?

Answer 17

Continuously flush the cleft ( renewing the fluid in contact with the taste buds )

Question 18

Which structure is found at the apical ends of gustatory cells ?

Answer 18

Taste pores

Question 20

Which type of papillae has the following characteristics?

• Mushroom shaped
• Innervated cores of lamina propria
• Well-vascularized

Answer 20

Fungiform papillae

Question 21

Which receptor mediates the bitter buds ?

Answer 21

G-protein coupled receptors

• It mediates 3 tastants
  1) bitter
  2) sweet
  3) umami ( savory )

Question 22

Which papillae is well vascularized ?

Answer 22

Fungiform papillae

Question 23

Which type of papillae has the following characteristics?

• 1-3 mm in diameter
• Has Von Ebner glands and many taste buds around the sides

Answer 23

Circumvallate papillae

Question 24

Fill in the blank .

Receptor binding produces _____________ of gustatory cells .

Answer 24

Depolarization

Question 25

In addition to taste buds activity, what is another requirement for taste perception?

Answer 25

Olfactory sensation

Question 26

Why does depolarization of gustatory cells take place ?

Answer 26

To stimulate the sensory nerve fibers that send information to the brain for processing

Question 27

At the apical end , which structure projects towards the taste pores ?

Answer 27

Microvilli

Question 27

Which type of papillae has the following characteristics?

• Elongated conical shape
• Grayish whitish surface
• Very numerous

Answer 27

Filiform papillae