Case 12

Question 1

What is an example of an Ultradian rhythm?

Answer 1

Sleep

Question 2

What is an example of Infradian rhythms?

Answer 2

Menstrual cycle

Question 3

What is an example of the circadian cycle?

Answer 3

Hibernation - Migration

Question 4

Why do we sleep?

Answer 4

• Growth hormone is released when we sleep (important in infants to get good sleep)
• Repair and Rejuvination: Tissue repair, protein synthesis, muscle growth
• Slow wave sleep is important in memory recall

Question 5

At what stage of sleep would alpha waves be present?

Answer 5

REM

Question 6

The hormone, x is released from the part of the brain y, making one feel sleepy. What are x an y ?

Answer 6

X is melanoportin, Y is the pineal gland

Question 7

At what stage of sleep are sleep spindles and K complexes found? What do sleep spindles look like?

Answer 7

At NREM 2 sleep

Question 8

At what stage of sleep are delta waves seen?

Answer 8

At the stage of NREM 3

Question 9

What occurs at REM sleep?

Answer 9

• ReM is dream sleep
• frontal cortex shuts down, limbic system thus becomes less inhibited
• increased sensory integration between motor, limbic and memory areas
• increased blood flow to brain, especially the visual cortex

Question 10

Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus located and what is its function?

Answer 10

• above the optic chiasm in the hypothalamus

- it is the main sleep control centre

Question 11

What are the four biological rhythms - which rhythm is the menstrual cycle an example of?

Answer 11

CICU

• Circadian rhythm (lasts 24 hours)
• Infradian rhythm (lasts more than a day)
• Circadian cycle
• Ultradian rhythm (lasts less than a day) (answer to second part of question)