Case 2 (pain) Flashcards
How do COX inhibitors help reduce pain?
- Inhibit prostaglandin and thromboxane production
- therefore, have anti-inflammatory effects which reduces pain
What kind of drugs are NSAIDs?
COX inhibitors
Give 2 examples of NSAIDS …
- ibuprofen
- aspirin
What is the MOA of ibuprofen?
Weak COX-1 inhibitor
What is the MOA of paracetamol?
Selective COX-2 inhibitor
List the drugs that have analgesic properties?
- NSAIDs (ibuprofen, aspirin)
- paracetamol
- opioids (morphine, co-codamol)
- gabapentin
- lidocaine
What is the MOA of opioids for analgesia?
Bind to opioid receptors, which:
- reduces cAMP by inhibiting adenylyl cyclise
- open K+ channels = hyperpolarisiation
- reduce neurotransmitter release by inhibiting Ca channel opening
Name an opioid classed as a pro-drug…
- Codeine (in co-codamol)
- tramadol
Name 2 opioids classed as non-prodrugs …
- morphine
- fentanyl
- methadone
What kind of drug is Gabapentin?
An anticonvulsant
What type of pain is gabapentin used to treat?
Neuropathic pain
What is the MOA of gabapentin?
modifies Ca channels to INCREASE synaptic GABA concentration
What is lidocaine used for?
Local anaesthetic
What is the MOA of lidocaine?
Blocks Na channels (which inhibits generation of action potentials)
What types of analgesic drugs are indicated in sciatica?
- NSAIDs (reduce inflammatory pain)
- opioids (hyperpolarisation, reduce neurotransmitter release)
- anticonvulsants (increase synaptic GABA)
- muscle relaxants (Ach receptor agonists)
- benzodiazapines (hyperpolarisation by binding to GABA-A receptor)
