Case 3 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is the mechanism of action of amoxicillin?
Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis via binding to penicilling binding proteins (PBP)
What is the mechanism of action of clarithromycin?
Inhibition of protein synthesis via binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome
What is the mechanism of action of doxycycline?
Inhibition of protein synthesis via binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit
What ABx family does amoxicillin belong to?
Penicillin
What ABx family does clarithromycin belong to?
Macrolide
What ABx family does doxycycline belong to?
Tetracycline
Clarithomycin is effective against what pathogens?
Streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, staph aureus
Amoxicillin is effective against what pathogens?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
most common causative agent of community acquired pneumonia
Doxycycline is effective against what pathogens?
Streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, staph aureus
What can be inferred from the presence of yellow/green sputum?
Colour produced by presence of myeloperoxidase, which is produced by neutrophils in response to bacterial infection.
Indicates antibiotics may be appropriate
What does blood in the sputum indicate?
Pulmonary infarct
Neoplasm
What does rust coloured sputum indicate?
Pneumococcal bacteria
What does white/pink frothy sputum indicate?
Pulmonary oedema Airway obstruction (as in COPD)
What does a white/milky/opaque sputum sample indicate?
Viral infection likely, ABx may be ineffective
What are the three criteria for GOLD COPD diagnosis?
MRC dyspnoea scale
FEV1 percentage of normal
Number of hospitalisations with respiratory causes
What is the mechanism of action of varenicline?
Partial agonist of nicotinic receptor
Competes with nicotine for receptor binding site and permits small releases of dopamine to ease withdrawal
What are the treatment indications following a GOLD1 (mild) COPD diagnosis?
Bronchodilator therapy only
What are the treatment indications following a GOLD2 (moderate) COPD diagnosis?
LAMA and LABA
What are the treatment indications following a GOLD3 (serious) COPD diagnosis?
LAMA, LABA, ICS
What are the treatment indications following a GOLD4 (severe) COPD diagnosis?
LAMA, LABA, ICS and theophylline
An exacerbation of COPD is commonly associated with an increase in which type of RBC?
Neutrophil
