Case 5 Quiz Flashcards
Define the two components that contribute to BPH pathophysiology.
a. Static - growth of the prostate due to androgenic stimulation
b. Dynamic - autonomic input to smooth muscles in the lower urinary tract, increasing smooth muscle tone
UTIs in males are always considered _____.
Complicated
Ebola is transmitted via _____, and patients who recover develop antibodies that last for _____.
Direct contact with blood/body fluids
10 years
What are the symptoms more specific to Graves’ disease hyperthyroidism?
a. Exophthalmos
b. Goiter
What are the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus type 2?
a. A1c: >6.5%
b. Oral glucose tolerance test: >200 mg/dL
c. Fasting plasma glucose: >126 mg/dL
What organism is the main cause of Traveler’s Diarrhea?
ETEC
Name 3 dangers of drinking too many energy drinks (select 3).
a. cardiac arrest
b. headaches
c. insomnia
d. vomiting
e. anxiety
f. increase in blood pressure
g. GI disturbances - ulcers
IVU
Name 3 signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism (select 3).
a. anxiety
b. weight loss
c. palpitations
d. tremor
e. irritability
f. increased bowel movement
WID
__________, __________, and __________ are signs and symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
a. polydipsia
b. polyuria
c. polyphagia
What does ASCVD stand for?
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Name some signs and symptoms of Thyroid Storm
a. fever
b. Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea
c. heat intolerance
d. high anxiety; even psychosis
e. tachycardia
F (NVD) H
How is hyperthyroidism diagnosed?
a. elevated T4 and T3
b. TSH is also taken to determine the type of hyperthyroidism
What drugs are commonly used to treat Thyroid Storm?
a. Thyroid hormone synthesis inhibitor: Propylthiouracil (methimazole is 2nd line in this case)
b. Iodide
c. Corticosteroid: dexamethasone IV or hydrocortisone IV
d. Beta-blocker: propanolol, esmolol, or metoprolol
What are common side effects of methimazole and propylthiouracil?
a. Rash
b. Hepatotoxicity (more severe with PTU)
c. Arthralgias
d. Agranulocytosis
What are some causes of Thyroid storm?
a. Thyroid surgery (5-10% incidence, fyi)
b. Radioactive iodine
c. Cessation of antithyroid therapy (methimazole or propylthiouracil
d. Untreated Grave’s disease
e. Consequence of thyroid infection (can be viral, bacterial, fungal, parasite, etc.)
Which medications are indicated as an off-label treatment for Thyrotoxicosis (Thyroid Storm)?
a. Propylthiouracil and Esmolol
__________ virus is similar to Ebola virus; they are both in the family __________.
a. Marburg; Filoviridae
According to the current guidelines, patients with concurrent diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus and Dyslipidemia, who are also between the ages of 40-75 and have an LDL of 70-189 mg/dL should be initiated on what therapy?
a. Primary Prevention in Diabetes age 40-75 years with LDL 70-189 mg/dL
i. Use at least moderate intensity statin therapy
ii. If DM and 10-year risk of ASCVD ≥7.5% consider high intensity unless contraindicated
What are the two types of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia? Name a symptom of
each.
a. Irritative BPH
i. Nocturia (urinating at night) = >1 per night
b. Obstructive BPH
i. hesitancy (difficulty initiating the urine stream)
What is the typically the first oral anti-diabetic drug to be initiated in diabetic patients without specific contraindications? What class does it belong to?
a. Metformin; Biguanide
Hemoglobin A1C readings indicate plasma glucose averages over a period of
.
3 months
List at least one primary cause of dyslipidemia:
● Familial hypercholesterolemia
● LPL deficiency
● Familial Hypertriglyceridemia
The enzyme responsible for the conversion of testosterone to DHT is known as:
5-alpha reductase
List at least two PDE-5 inhibitors used in erectile dysfunction
Sildenafil
Tadalafil
Vardenafil
