Case 5-theories of behaviour and social cognition models

Question 1

What influences behaviour?

Answer 1

• Environment
• Social influences
• Cognitive influences
• emotional influences

Question 2

What is the expectancy value principle?

Answer 2

A certain behaviour can be maintained or changed depending on what the person expects the outcome to be

Question 3

What is the Health Belief Model?

Answer 3

States the likelihood that people will change their behaviour depends on their perceived susceptibility and severity which influences their perceived threat, as well as evaluation of the outcomes (if the outcome has more benefits)
Also influenced by barriers (e.g. transport, children etc.)

Question 4

Why might some people not change their behaviour even when the perceived threat is high?

Answer 4

• more barriers than benefits (e.g. have to take time off work etc.)
• depends on social norms+ social acceptibility
• general health motivation

Question 5

What can be done to help people change their behaviour?

Answer 5

• healthcare professional motivating them

- cues to action can prompt them to act (e.g. doctor telling them they should quit smoking)

Question 6

What are the flaws of the health behaviour model?

Answer 6

Assumes the person is rational- doesn’t focus on the emotional aspect/ habits that are automatic

Question 7

What does the PRIME theory of motivation state

Answer 7

Some people may want to change their behaviour but they still can’t because is also influenced by emotion

• PRIME helps us understand why some people can’t change behaviour
• states that behaviour happens IN THE MOMENT

Question 8

What does PRIME stand for?

Answer 8

• PLan (I intend to)
  -Response (behaviour at that moment)
  Impluses- I have an urge to
  Motive- I want/desire
• representation of something as attractive/repulsive
  Evaluations

Question 9

What does the evaluation part of PRIME influenced by?

Answer 9

• beliefs/values
  -aesthetic (pleasant/not)
  -Global values (what is globally considered as good and bad)
  -functional - serves purpose
  -Utilitarian- useful/detrimental
  Ethical

Question 10

What other factors influence motivation?

Answer 10

Drives - the urge/need that is relieved (influenced by motives and impulses)

Emotions - how they’re feeling (happy/sad)- influenced by motives, impulses and evaluation

Arousal- general level of motivational energy

Question 11

What is the transtheoretical stages of change model?

Answer 11

Steps that a person takes that leads to change

- they may not go through all the steps

Question 12

What are the stages of the transtheoretical stages of change model?

Answer 12

• pre-contemplation- not even thinking about changing
• contemplation- starting to think bout changing
• Preparation - making plans to change
• Action - first initial change
• maintenance- maintaining that action- this can led to a stable lifestyle change
• relapse- behaviour has stopped (going back to old lifestyle)

Question 13

What does the self regulatory common sense model state?

Answer 13

A person has their own beliefs about 5 different components and beliefs about these components can influence whether they change
- the beliefs can change with disease progression

Question 14

What are the 5 components of the self regulatory common sense model?

Answer 14

• identity- the perceived symptoms and nature of condition
• Cause- perceived cause
• timeline- the duration of the illness- acute/chronic/cyclical
• consequences- the expected effects and outcome (their belief on how the illness will impact their physical, social and psychological function)
• cure control- the extent at which patient thinks their condition is curable/controllable

Question 15

What does the COM-B framework state?

Answer 15

For a person to change their behaviour, they must be capable, have opportunity and be motivated

Question 16

What does capability mean?

Answer 16

Physical capability - skills
- remembering
Psychological capability- have knowledge about the illness/ and how to change
- knowing what to do and how to do it

Question 17

What does opportunity mean?

Answer 17

Physical opportunity- do they have the necessary equipment, colleagues, time, resources
Social opportunity- is it socially acceptable to change that certain behaviour

Question 18

What does motivation mean?

Answer 18

Reflective motivation- weighing pros and cons

Automatic motivation- habits/ cues from the environment - whether you do it without thinking

Question 19

Why do people judge other people who are unhealthy?

Answer 19

They think motivation is just reflective but it can also be automatic- e.g. someone can have prompts/cues from the environment that makes them unhealthy
- instead of telling them to change, explore what’s happening at the time they are doing the unhealthy behaviour