Case 6 - Mitesh questions

Question 1

during the gastric phase of gastric secretion, what effect does food in the stomach have on the production of gastrin and why?

Answer 1

gastrin increases when food in the stomach because of the distension of the antrum
vagus nerve activity increases when the antrum is stretched

Question 2

what does gastrin do?

Answer 2

stimulates ECL cells to release histamine which acts on parietal cells
increases GI motility

Question 3

during the intestinal phase, what mechanisms reduce the production of gastrin

Answer 3

Hormones like secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) inhibit gastrin release.
Acidic chyme entering the duodenum lowers pH, which suppresses gastrin secretion
Enterogastric reflexes inhibit gastric activity, including gastrin release.

Question 4

which structure limits the movement of chyme into the duodenum

Answer 4

pyloric sphincter

Question 5

define the term dyspepsia

Answer 5

umbrella term which includes acid reflux, upper abdominal pain, heartburn , nausea or vomiting

Question 6

which tests confirm the presence of H.pylori infection in a patient

Answer 6

stool antigen test
blood test - tests for antibodies here
urea breath test
biopsy sample

Question 7

give an example of a common H.pylori therapy

Answer 7

1 PPI and 1 antibiotic - e.g PPI could be omeprazole, and the antibiotic could be clarithromycin/amoxycillin

Question 8

what condition is associated with vomiting bright red blood after numerous vomiting episodes, after drinking large quantity of alcohol

Answer 8

mallory-weiss tear

Question 9

what is intrinsic factor?

Answer 9

intrinsic factor is produced by parietal cells and it facilitates the absorption of B12 in the ileum