Case studies Flashcards
Sustainability of a city
Curitiba, Brazil
Challenges of urban growth (NEE)
- informal economy
- favellas
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Challenges of urban growth (developed)
London
Urban regeneration
- olympic regeneration
Stratford, Newham
Development gap in a developing country
Malawi
- Landlocked country - difficult to trade via the sea - other trade routes through other countries can be established
- Was once a British colony - less money invested into the country and little industry was left behind
- Mostly primary industry - price of agriculture majorly fluctuates
- Spread of HIV - lack of healthcare and people cant work because they are ill
- 70.3% of the population live on less that $2 a day - cant afford services to boost the economy
development gap in a developed country
UK North and South divide
- Decline in secondary industry which mostly took place in the North
- Education is more funded in the south
- Agglomeration as higher skilled workers are in the south due to better education - less job opportunities up north
Bottom up strategy (development gap)
Caritas rain water harvesting in Kenya
- Access to clean water for villages
- Less people getting seriously ill from contaminated water - could work and spend less money on healthcare
- Water is easily accessible so women can do other things during the day instead of just collect water
Temporary jobs provided and cheap materials used - also asked residents for opinions so they were involved
Bottom up strategy (development gap)
Goat aid from Oxfam
Goat can provide milk, cheese, fertiliser and to breed for more goats
- sell the products or the goats to upgrade housing, afford healthcare and go to school
- sell products
- fertiliser to grow better quality crops to eat or sell
- Provides a balanced diet to reduce malnutrition - more healthy immune system
Top down strategy - Debt relief
Guyana and Uganda
Guyana - spend more money on healthcare and education (increase by 20%), more modernised equipment for hospitals
Uganda - better roads and infrastructure, funded clean water for 2.2 million people
- corrupt governments may keep the money instead of investing it back into the country
Top down strategy - Intergovernmental strategy to reduce uneven development
NAFTA or EU - trade blocs
- provides larger market to sell goods to make larger profit
- cheaper trade so larger profit
- make allies due to trade agreements - receive aid
- decrease price of daily essentials as they are more widely available
- large scale - expensive and general public doesn’t see obvious effects
- difficult for LICs to export their products as trade blocs involve larger companies - poor stay poor
Fair trade - successful bottom up strategy - international
Uganda - Gumutindo fair trade coffee scheme (over 90% of small coffee farmers in Eastern Uganda
- Gives workers a fair wage and fair cut of the profit
- Money can be invested into the farms - warehouse for coffee to protect the product and sell as much as possible
- Money can be used for community projects - better schools, housing
- provides jobs for women - more income per household
- limited customer base as some people can’t afford the higher price
- some workers may not qualify to be a part of the scheme causing a divide between people
Uneven development in the UK
HS2 UK
- Provide construction jobs
- Better transport links means easier and cheaper commute to work - peope encouraged to work and find better opportunites
- Less carbon emissions as less people would be driving
- Very expensive for the government as it is costing a lot more than the estimated price
- Parts of HS2 have been cancelled - wont help as many people as intended so the effects wont be felt all over the country as originally intended - North remains difficult to reach
- construction can cause damage to rural England
Charity to reduce uneven development
Childhood trust - London
Help to support smaller charities in London by funding them
- include providing hot meals that provide essential nutrition
- help to decorate community and youth spaces - providing warm and safe environments for children to help them learn and grow
Location factors
Airbus in Toulouse
- Good transport networks - parts of the airplane come from nearby countries
- Skilled labour supply - large pool of workers in Toulouse and surrounding areas - Toulouse has its own university for skilled labour to assemble but also for research
- Conglomeration - existing research facilities in the area that specialise in similar industries
- Pleasant environment - nice areas to live nearby so attractive to workers
- Sharing services between companies reduces costs and increase amount offered to potential customers
Changing employment structures/ post-industrial economy
UK post-industrial economy
- Deindustrialisation - decline of secondary industry in the UK, has moved elsewhere like China, Malaysia and Indonesia due to lower labour costs - caused decline in secondary sector
- Raw materials became exhausted - manufacturers needed new supply elsewhere so this caused the decline of the primary sector
- Investment in technology and increased level of education means the quaternary industry has grown
- Government incentives to businesses has grown the tertiary sector as increased investment encourages smaller businesses
