case studies

Question 1

10 facts about mt nyiragongo volcano

Answer 1

jan 17 - 2002
1. lava flows 65 mph
2. around 200 people died
3. 20% of goma was destroyed
4. 350,000 fled area
5. 4,500 buildings destroyed
6. sulphurous lava poisoned lake kivv - source drinking water - then there was a rise in temp of lake so there was a relase of poisonous gas
7. UN provided short term aid
8. high levels of unemployment
9. people crossed border to rwanda - humanitarian crisis
10. three main lava flows erupted from fissures on the southern flank of the volcano
11. VEI 1 but very destructive due to speed and poor goma is

Question 2

10 facts about eyjafjallajokull volcano

Answer 2

1. 7,000 people evactuated
2. people stuck in countries as flying was prevented due to ash cloud
3. loss of electricity and hot water
4. flooding and masses of meltwater
5. cost airlines £130 million per day for 6 days as all flight where cancelled in europe
6. ash cloud rose up to 9 km
7. eruption melted part of the Eyjafjallajökull glacier, triggering dangerous glacial outburst floods
8. stratovolcano covered by ice which is what caused the explosive ash production
9. respiratory problems
10. VEI of 4 so considered moderate but ash made a big impact

Question 3

10 facts about south napa earthquake

Answer 3

1. magnitude of 6.0 and occurred at 3:20 AM PDT near American Canyon, approximately 9 miles south of downtown Napa
2. 1 dead 200 injuries,
3. water main broke on Mare Island in Vallejo, and several roads buckled in Napa
4. $362 million damage
5. mainshock was followed by at least twelve aftershocks, including one of magnitude 3.9
6. temporary increases in water flow in several nearby streams and raised water levels
7. 6% of Napa residents had earthquake insurance at the time of the quake.
8. 7,000 lost electricity
9. 4 months recovery - communal rebuild
10. aseismic buildings and retrofitting

Question 4

10 facts about the haiti earthquake

Answer 4

1. 220,000 dead, 300,000 injured
2. 1.8 million homeless
3. fatalistic perception - 50% illiterate
4. 180,00 builidngs destroyed
5. $8 billion damage cost and $11 billion recovery
6. 80% schools damaged
7. aid arrived overseas 3-4 days
8. liquefaction made transport difficult
9. slow 3-4 yrs recovery
10. uk raised £101 million making £380 million to spend for 1.2 million people in haiti
11. retrofitted houses, migrated to countryside
12. built new hospitals

Question 5

10 facts about typhoon haiyan

Answer 5

1. cat 5, 300m/hr rainfall
2. 6000+ dead
3. 4 million homeless
4. 7m storm surge
5. $2.9 billion damage
6. uk deployed 200,000 tonnes of aid and 2 navy ships
7. evacuated warning systems but people didn’t know what a storm surge was
8. huge amount of international support
9. retrofitting homes buildings
10. 20,000 fled to capital

Question 6

10 facts about hurricane katrina

Answer 6

1. cat 5, 250mm/he rainfall
2. storm surge 10m
3. 7 million refugees
4. 5 million without power
5. 1242 deaths
6. 80% city flooded
7. $200 billion damage
8. 110,000 homes flooded
9. $10.5 billion of aid in the first week
10. warning systems, evacuation, 100,000 left behind
11. retrofitting homes, updated warning systems

Question 7

10 facts about black summer bush fire Australia

Answer 7

1. fires burned over 20 million hectares of land
2. 1 billion animals were killed
3. 2019 was Australia’s driest and hottest year on record
4. eucalyptus trees which are highly flammable
5. fires were lit deliberately, though others were caused by lightning strikes
6. 33 people killed
7. 80,000 displaced
8. 6000 buildings were damaged
9. Destruction of farms, crops and livestock $5 billion
10. 400 million tonnes of carbon dioxide
11. Health issues such as respiratory illness
12. Slow down in economic activity due to disruption to trade and industry reduced GDP growth
13. Increased soil erosion and loss of soil fertility due to lack of trees and vegetation
14. 80,000 firefighters from Australia and other countries
15. The government paid out a Disaster Recovery Payment of $1000 per adult affected

Question 8

10 facts about the multi hazardous environment California

Answer 8

1. It is positioned on the San
   Andreas fault line
2. A conservative plate
   boundary, Causes very intense
   earthquakes
3. Along the coast, there are steep slopes of loose
   sedimentary rocks which are vulnerable to
   landslides
4. Periods of intense rain saturate the slopes and
   trigger the landslides Vulnerability has increased due to construction
   on the slopes
5. Long dry, hot summers,
   Chaparral vegetation promotes fire, Santa Ana winds fan flames