case studies

Question 1

what was the 1990 Factortame case and what does this relate to in your essays?

Answer 1

• supremacy of EU law confirmed

Law Lords confirmed that the Merchant Shipping Act 1988 passed by the UK Parliament breached EU law as
it required UK registered ships to have a majority of British owners. As a consequence, the
UK Parliament was forced to unmake the law.
The supremacy of EU law was confirmed in the 1990 Factortame Case

Question 2

what is the northern ireland protocol?

Answer 2

The Northern Ireland Protocol sets out Northern Ireland’s post-Brexit relationship with both the EU and Great Britain. It is part of the EU-UK Withdrawal Agreement, the international treaty agreed between the EU and the UK, which regulates how the UK’s exit from the EU should work. The Protocol came into force on 1 January 2021.

Question 3

why and how did the Windsor Agreement change the NI Protocol?

Answer 3

The UK asked for aspects of the Protocol to be changed after concerns arose, particularly from parts of Northern Ireland’s Unionist community, about how the Protocol would operate in Northern Ireland and the checks and controls it imposes on goods moving between Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

On 27 February 2023 after two years of negotiations the EU and the UK announced that a new agreement had been reached to change the way the Northern Ireland Protocol operates. This agreement is called the Windsor Framework.

e.g.- A new system of checks on goods moving from Great Britain to Northern Ireland:
Goods from Great Britain destined to stay in Northern Ireland will go through a “green lane” and have far fewer checks and controls.
Goods moving on to Ireland and/or the rest of the EU will have to go through a “red lane” and be subject to full controls and checks.

Question 4

in the current parliament what is the total number of chairs from the Labour party?

Answer 4

18/27