Case Studies

Question 1

Cambridge science park - 4.8 local governments influencing regeneration

Answer 1

• has over 150 companies located there from start ups to global firms: astrazenceca and huawei
• pharmaceutical, AI and technology companies
• has office spaces, laboratories, meeting hubs, gyms, cafes and green spaces
• close ties to the university of Cambridge
• accelerated development of housing, transport and education
• attracts domestic and international investment

Question 2

HS2 - 4.7 government policy influencing decisions

Answer 2

• a high speed railway project designed to connect London to midlands
• London to Birmingham as the rest was cancelled
• happening to increase rail capacity, boost economic growth and reduce carbon emissions

Question 3

Heathrow expansions - 4.7 government decisions influencing regeneration

Answer 3

• make a third runway
• currently delayed
• happening to boost airport capacity and trade/economy links

Question 4

Nine elms - 4.1 functional and demographic change, inequalities

Answer 4

• pre regeneration it was an industrial brownfield site with low population and derelict land
• now its a high end residential and commercial space with rapid population growth and luxury apartments
• Local residents have lower incomes and employment levels compared to those moving into the luxury apartments leading to gentrification and displacement of long term communities

Question 5

How has Worcester varied - 4.3

Answer 5

• function: used to be a religious centre and market town, then used to manufacture porcelain and gloves now a shift to retail, services (education) and a commuter city
• ageing population, however student population is growing. Ethnic diversity increasing slowly

Question 6

How has watchet varied - 4.3

Answer 6

• function: used to be a small port town, grew to mineral transport, then port and mining industry declined now more focussed on tourism
• ageing population due to retired people moving there
• young people moving to urban areas for jobs

Question 7

Worcester regeneration projects - 4.3

Answer 7

• cathedral plaza and riverside: £20 million invested in leisure, retail and restaurants
• diglis basin: brownfield site turned into waterfront apartments
• green infrastructure: emphasis in parks, riverside paths and flood defences

Question 8

Watchet regeneration projects - 4.3

Answer 8

• east quay development: community-led cultural centre and gallery, artist studios, education space, cafes, holiday pods
  -watchet marina: transformed harbour into a leisure marina to boost tourism
• promoting heritage: steam railway, fossil beaches, historic harbour

Question 9

San Francisco - a regenerating place, changes and successful/unsuccessful

Answer 9

• function changes: people with lower paying creative jobs are being forced out and replaced by engineers and people in tech. Used to be a post-industrial city now a global tech and innovation hub home to apple, facebook, google etc
• demographic changes: net increase of around 7000 people a year, people moving in tend to be younger white or Asian, people moving out tend to be less educated, older, African American and Hispanic, was 13% African American in 1970 now its less than 6%
• unsuccessful: diversity of ethnic groups is decreasing its unsuccessful for those in minority, also unsuccessful got those in low paying jobs as the median monthly rent for a one bedroom apartment is more than $3000, ther us also a gender imbalance exacerbating wage gaps
• successful: for young graduates in the tech industry as there are lots of job opportunities and ways to progress

Question 10

Middlesbrough - a declining urban area 4.4 (opposite to San fran)

Answer 10

• struggled with the consequences of deindustrialisation, with the 2008 recession worsening the decline and reduction in welfare spendings
• 20,000 people have left the area since 1990
• many small businesses forced to close
• Local unemployment is twice the national average
• income of local residents has plummeted
• poor quality of education
• low life expectancy
• high levels of antisocial behaviour

Question 11

Cornwall as a declining rural place - 4.4

Answer 11

• a low population of 568,000 and a low population density
• very isolated, there are no motorways and the rail network is very slow
• average wages were £14,00 making it the UKs poorest region
• 40% of households live on less than £10,000
• traditional primary industries such as fishing and mining have declined due to cheaper imports from abroad
• main source of income today is tourism which is very seasonal
• cornwalls deaths are higher than births
• younger people leaving to find job opportunities elsewhere
• average age is 45 compared to 40 in the rest if England and wales

Question 12

London 2011 riots - conflicts within communities 4.5

Answer 12

• triggered by the police shooting a man in north London
• sparked protest which esecalted across most of London
• exposed deep rooted social and economic inequalities
• the government launched a regeneration and recovery plan aimed at tackling the root causes
• over £70 million invested in affected communities, youth employment and eduction schemes
• criticised for gentrification as caused rising rents, had limited community involvement and input

Question 13

Voter turnout - 4.5

Answer 13

• 18 - 24 year olds was 47%
• over 65’s it was 74%
• in the 2024 general election it was 60% down from 67% in 2019
• turnout is highest in the south and lowest in midlands and the north
• individuals form lower socio-economic backgrounds less likely to vote
• voter turnout is lower in some ethnic minorities