Case Studies

Question 0

What advantage does climate change in Iceland have on farmers?

Answer 0

A 1 degree rise in temperature means farmers can grow wheat

Farmers can have more Wild stock if they can grow and have more hay

Question 1

If climate change continues at its current rate, what will happen to Iceland’s glaciers?

Answer 1

All have melted by 2200

Question 2

What benefits are climate in Iceland to power/electricity industries

Answer 2

87% of Iceland’s electricity comes from hydroelectric power and if the glaciers melt, there will be more water to generate electricity from

More running water will attract more electrical industries which will have a multiplier effect for the economy

Question 3

What disadvantages are there of climate change in Iceland to people living on the coast

Answer 3

Rising sea levels can cause flooding of coastal towns

Question 4

How will climate change in Iceland affect fishermen?

Answer 4

Even just a small change to the oceans currents can affect fish stocks

Question 5

How will climate change in Iceland affect tourists?

Answer 5

Lots of tourists go to Iceland just to see glaciers- will they still go once they’re gone?

Environmentalists want to reduce number of flights (to reduce climate change) but they need the tourists

Question 6

Where is Caatinga?

Answer 6

North east brazil; the further inland you to, the drier the climate

Question 7

What is the environment like in Caatinga?

Answer 7

Very dry & lack of moisture due to heat

There are plants but they compete for moisture with each other

Plants have adapted to heat- deeper roots & more waxy cuticles

Question 8

Effects of depopulation on Caatinga?

Answer 8

Ageing population

Farms deteriorate as young workforce leave

Animals struggle to survive in drought conditions

Negative multiplier effect for the local economy

Question 9

Push factors away from Caatinga?

Answer 9

Drought

Quality farmland was flooded so a new dam could be built

Poor access to water

Disease/poverty/famine

Remoteness/lack of facilities

Question 10

Pull factors to cities from Caatinga?

Answer 10

Prospect of jobs

Better access to healthcare

Bright lights effect

More consistent provision of food

Question 11

How are the government trying to stop/slow down depopulation from Caatinga?

Answer 11

Rural resettlement schemes with government grants

Better water & irrigation systems developed

Building hydroelectric power stations to attract businesses to the area & improve local economy

Research into drought resistant crop

Question 12

What are Ghana’s main exports?

Answer 12

Gold, cocoa & timber

Question 13

What are Ghana’s main imports?

Answer 13

Oil, machinery, tools, vehicles & medical equipment

Question 14

Other than through trade, where does a lot of Ghana’s money come from?

Answer 14

Tourism

Question 15

Problems with the pattern of international trade & Ghana

Answer 15

Ghana is not part of any trade bloc- does not receive free trade

High tariffs on Ghanaian chocolate protects EU chocolate makers but stunts Ghana’s growth

EU food imports undercut food produced in Ghana (called ‘dumping’)

Ghana tried to put tariffs on EU food imports but were blocked by their loan agreement with the world bank

Question 16

Improvements/successes in Ghanaian trade?

Answer 16

In 2007, Ghana agreed an economic agreement with the EU guaranteeing zero tariffs on almost all Ghanaian exports until 2022

Zero tariffs on Ghanaian cocoa means the farmers have now experienced free trade

Question 17

Where is Rio de Janeiro found?

Answer 17

On the south coast of brazil on the Tropic of Capricorn

Question 18

Give some information about Rio de Janeiro

Answer 18

It grew massively in the 1950s due to tourism & industry

Large shanty towns grew on the periphery of the city in the 1960s

1/3 of the population live below the poverty line

Poor housing, traffic, pollution and crime

Question 19

Where are favelas built?

Answer 19

Cheap land
Rubbish tips
Swamps
Hillsides

Question 20

Why do people move to Rio from the countryside?

Answer 20

Prospect of jobs
Bright lights effect
Poor conditions in countryside

Question 21

How is the housing problem in Rio being dealt with?

Answer 21

Self help schemes

Site and service schemes

Bulldozing

Rural resettlement schemes

Rural improvement schemes

Urban resettlement schemes (barra de tujica)

Question 23

Where does Nokia hire & who does it hire?

Answer 23

Hires 112000 people worldwide

Has research & development in 10 countries

Has factories in 10 countries

Hires people in over 150 countries

Question 24

Advantages of MNCs like Nokia?

Answer 24

Provides jobs to local people

Boosts local businesses through positive multiplier effect

Question 25

Disadvantages of MNCs like Nokia

Answer 25

Highly skilled, highly paid work in MEDCs where's lower skilled, lower paid work in LEDC Companies may move elsewhere if they find somewhere

Question 30

Give a fact about Nokia

Answer 30

It is the world's largest manufacturer of mobile phones

Question 31

Where is the catchment area and drainage basin of the Mississippi River?

Answer 31

Source of the river on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains Has many 100s of tributaries Splits off into its distributaries at the Gulf of Mexico

Question 32

What are the pros of levees?

Answer 32

Contain rising river Protect nearby settlements Allow land near river to be used for economic gain

Question 33

Cons of levees

Answer 33

Expensive Restrict access to river

Question 34

Pros of channel straightening

Answer 34

Cheaper transport costs Flow of river can be more closely controlled

Question 35

Cons of river straightening

Answer 35

Expensive to maintain River eventually cuts back to its original meanders

Question 36

Pros of wing dikes

Answer 36

Force current to midstream Prevents bank erosion Protects & maintains shipping lane

Question 37

Cons of wing dikes

Answer 37

Expensive

Question 38

What are concrete mattresses?

Answer 38

Putting concrete at the river bed

Question 39

Pros of concrete mattresses?

Answer 39

Get excess discharge away faster

Question 40

Cons of concrete matresses

Answer 40

Faster river can lead to flooding downstream

Question 41

Pros of dredging?

Answer 41

Keeps open shipping lane Cheap No cons

Question 42

Give examples of methods used to control the Mississippi River

Answer 42

Levees River straightening Wing dykes Concrete mattresses Dredging

Question 43

Why is the Mississippi River controlled?

Answer 43

Allows for settlements to be built along river Important part of US transport network Reduces costs from flooding

Question 44

Should the river Mississippi be maintained?

Answer 44

YES: It keeps people safe It provides a location for an economic activity NO: Nature will always win (eg. Channel straightening) Costs billions of dollars

Question 45

Where is Barcelona and what is it's population

Answer 45

Barcelona is the capital of the region of Catalonia It has a population of 4.2 million people

Question 46

Are there equal access to all groups in barcelona?

Answer 46

The services are not evenly distributed around Barcelona Some services are more expensive than others so not all groups of people can afford them

Question 47

Distribution for ethnic groups in barcelona

Answer 47

27.6% of Barcelona's immigrant population live in the El Raval region of Barcelona 10 out of 16 of Barcelona's mosques are found in El Raval The majority of Barcelona's halal butchers and Asian video rental stores are found in El Raval

Question 48

Access to services in El Raval

Answer 48

El Raval contains 27.6% of Barcelona's immigrant population There are more sufferers of aids, malaria & TB in El Raval than the rest of the city combined Poor access to leisure facilities Poor access to health services

Question 49

Name a rich region of barcelona

Answer 49

Sarria sant Gervasi

Question 50

Describe the access to services in Sarria Sant Gervasi

Answer 50

Highest life expectancy of any region in Barça Lowest population density of any region Highest house prices of any region Better access to leisure facilities and health services than in El Raval

Question 51

When did the Bangkok floods occur?

Answer 51

2011

Question 52

Reasons for the Bangkok flood?

Answer 52

Upstream river did not release water early enough and so overflowed 1 of the 3 main flood channels was shut off The flood walls did not work Government prioritised keeping cities dry at the expense of deeper water elsewhere Hundreds of blocked canals due to years of mismanagement

Question 53

Solutions to the Bangkok flooding problem?

Answer 53

Investment in prevention: More retention pools, drainage tunnels and pumping stations Downsize Bangkok and move government buildings to higher ground

Question 54

Affects of the flood in Bangkok?

Answer 54

Businesses, factories & homes underwater 500 killed; 12 million affected Overall cost of the flood was £29 billion- most expensive disaster EVER disturbed business- damaged economy 1822 mm of rainfall- wettest year on record