case studies disease

Question 1

Haiti - Cholera

Answer 1

2010 earthquake 7.0Mw - transform boundary
British red cross came to help, dumped sewage into main river spread cholera
since 2010 killed 10,000 people
less endemic now, but still can present issue
UNICEF - 41,000 rapid response interventions
400,000 homes disinfected
7 million people sanitised
UN estimates 1.4 million Haitians to be in need

Question 2

South Africa - HIV/AIDS

Answer 2

8k gdp per capita
350,000 dead in 2014
90% of deaths avoidable
nearly 50% living on poverty line

mitigation - education for children/safe sex
19% prevalence rate 15-49years
72,000 deaths annually
71% of adults on antiviral medication

strategies - male circumcision, promotion of condoms and human rights, education, screening and normalisation

Question 3

India - air pollution, cancer

Answer 3

1/6 of deaths worldwide due to air pollution
60,000 new cards added to India’s roads everyday
60% lung function vs 80%
PM 2.5
21% rise in cancer in 2021
6/10 of worlds most polluted countries are found in India

Mitigation
Kyoto protocol 1997, Paris agreement 2015, Cop 26 2021, Carbon cap and trade scheme
anything to reduce emissions

Question 4

Ethiopia - Malaria

Answer 4

75% endemic to Malaria
2020 630,000 deaths worldwide
Anopheles female vector - optimum temp 22-35C
areas below 2500m at risk
strains 5-6% of national GDP

issues- misuse of malarial drugs, lack of education, climate conditions, burden on country, prevents other areas of development

Question 5

Bangladesh - Floods

Answer 5

2007 - monsoon and heavy rainfalls = flooding
spread of water borne disease - diarrhoea
0.36 doctors per 1000 people
60% flooded
13% have NO access to clean water
displacement of 14 million due to flood
70,000 affected - only 20 dead

mitigation - Unicef fixed 93,000 damaged wells, before 1/8 were contaminated
emergency aid, relief teams, immediate help
Government - housed 114,00 people in 400 shelters
built 18,000 toilets
provided 10 million dollars for farmers
long term solutions
education and increased awareness of saline solution
district health office

Question 6

Uganda - epidemiological transition

Answer 6

Double burden - transition between receding pandemics and introduction of degenerative disease

Malaria, TB, HIV
Diabetes, coronary heart disease/ cardiovascular disease
mixed economic situations
richest 20% of pop control 45% of economy

478 per 1000 per year cases of malaria
98,000 cases of diabetes in 2000, expected tor rise to 320,000 in 2030
8% of diabetes in type 2 in Uganda
70% of Malaria globally found in sub saharan Africa