Case studies for Paper 2 Section B: Global Governance: Change and challenges Flashcards
What is a diaspora community?
Diaspora means the movement and spreading of a large number of people from one part of the world to another
Give the name of the case study for a diaspora community
Commonwealth
What established the Commonwealth? What year? What rights did it provide?
The Commonwealth was established by the London Declaration in 1949 and gave members of Commonwealth countries the right to migrate to the UK under the British Nationality Act 1948.
When, how and when did the first Commonwealth diaspora come to the UK?
The first Commonwealth diaspora to the UK was from the Caribbean in 1948 on HMS Windrush with nearly 500 passengers
Give the case study name for economic migration studies
Economic migrants from Eastern Europe to the UK
During which years did economic migrants move to the UK? How many? From where?
Between 2004 and 2007, 800,000 economic migrants moved to the UK from Eastern Europe. 500,000 were from Poland
Where were the migrants from Eastern Europe mostly employed? Give %
28% Eastern Europeans main occupations were primary sector roles… tradesman, agriculture
Give figures for the gender imbalance of women and men migrants for Polish migration
Ratio of men to women Polish migrants is 60:40
How has the UK changed positively to welcoming migrants? Supermarkets? Students? Money?
Tesco sells over 100 lines of Polish food, the fastest ethnic minority range ever
In2009 there were over 14,000 migrant students from A8 countries
Emancipation of Polish women
more than ½ Poles in UK send home remittances
How has the UK changed negatively to welcoming services? economy? brexit?
Pressures on services. One doctors in Peterborough saw 1000 new patients
Migrants contributed 0.5-1% of the UK’s economic growth from 2005-06.
BREXIT AND COVID deplete the workforce – elementary occupations fell by over 200,000 workers
Ageing pop
Give another case study name for the movement of economic migrants that aren’t from Poland
economic migrants from Bangladesh to Gulf States (Middle East)
How many Bangladeshi’s leave the country each year and what percentage are men? What % went to the middle east?
Every year 500,000 leave Bangladesh, 95% of which were men. 71% went to Middle East.
50% of Bangladeshis live on how much a day?
less than $1.25
What has grown in Dakota, the capital of Bangladesh? And what’s the main religion for both countries?
Growth of slums in Dakota capital – both are mostly Muslim countries (no clash)
What opened to support new tradesman and white collar professionals in Bangladesh?
In 1976, the Bureau of Manpower, Employment and Training (BMET) opened 47 training centres to develop professional skills of Bangladeshi works in trades in demand
Give a consequence regarding gender for gulf states. How many males per female?
UAE has the most imbalanced gender ratio of any country in the world with 2.2 males for every female + disproportionate people aged between 20 and 49.
What system easily expolits workers in Gulf states?
The Kafala sponsorship system ties workers to employers, restricting their rights. Gives employers total power over workers and can remove their right to remain in the UAE. In 2010 the government amended the law to enable workers to changer employers.
How do the worlds superpowers filter migration? Hint-should be three countries
UK – have a tier system. Tier 1 (high value). Tier 2 (skilled workers capped at 20,700 let in unless they earn more than £150,000). Tier 3 (student). Tier 4 (temporary migrants)
Australia - character aptitude test. HIV tests. Ability to contribute to society
Canada – point-based system – policies control whether migrants meet a certain skill level
where do international migrants centre around in the UK?
Migrants concentrate around quaternary sector hotspots: Cambridge + M4 corridor
Give the case study used for consequences of economic policies such as land grabs
Gambella region of Ethiopia
Name the Indian firm which land grabbed parts of Ethiopia
Karuturi
How many hectares did the Indian company Karuturi land grab? How long was the lease?
100,000 hectares of agriculture land through a 50 year lease
Name a consequence of the Karuturi land grab
1.5 million indigenous people were forced to relocate
Name the case study for political tension
The Syrian Conflict
When did the Syrian conflict start? What was it caused by?
March 2011 as a result of the Arab Spring
How many people does the UN estimate has been killed in the Syrian conflict?
40,000
How many Syrians had been forcible displaced? Guve percentages of where they went
13 million had been forcibly displaced – 50% moved to other parts of Syria, 40% to neighbouring countries and 10% to EU countries
Give a consequence of the Syrian conflict on Syria directly. hint-infrastructure
Collapsed infrastructure: Within Syria, 95 percent of people lack adequate healthcare, 70 percent lack regular access to clean water.
What are the name of two charitable organisations which helped refugees in the Syrian conflict. How many people did they help?
World Vision, UNHCR – helped more than 7.5 million people
Which European country allowd refugees into their country? what was this policy known as? How many more refugees did they welcome than at the start of 2011, when the war began.
Germany operated an ‘open border’ scheme, opening its border to Syrian refugees, obtaining 10x the number of asylum seekers at the end of 2011 compared to the start of the year.
What was the name of the riot group in Germany, against the open border policy
The rise of PEGIDA – anti-Islamic movement against open door policy
What deal was made when the EU closed its border to Syrian refugees
EU-Turkey deal
Which year did European countries close their borders to Syrian refugees?
2016
Describe the EU-tukey deal? How much was paid to Turkey?
Onw for one deal - for every Syrian returned to turkey, a Syrian migrant will be resettled in the EU – priority given to those not tried to enter illegally, but capped at 72,000. £3bn paid
In 2015, how many refugees were reported dead or missing and how many tried to cross to Europe by boat?
2,900 refugees were reported dead or missing from the crossing. Nearly 500,000 tried to cross by boat.
Which Humanitarian law prevents refugees being returned back to their country of persecution? How does the EU-Turkey deal go about this?
UNHCR + 1951 convention gives the right to not be returned to persecution, gives the right not to be discriminated against, and the right to not be penalised for unlawful access into a country – agreement goes against this
Which country is our rural to urban migration study?
China
How many refugees have been welcomed in the UK since the beginning of the Ukraine war?
200,000+
From what year did Chinese rural-urban migration occur? How many people migrated? What percentage pop did the East coast rise by in what years? Give east coast city examples
240 million since 1980’s – East coast pop rose by 82% from 2000-2010. Major cities are along its east coast; Beijing, Foshan and Puning.
What catalysed rural to urban migration in China?
Movement has been driven by the dramatic economic growth in China resulting from the global shift of manufacturing industry
What percentage of migrants work in the manufacturing industry and what’s the average age?
44% new generation migrant workers employed in the manufacturing industry – average age is 17.2
In 2010, how many people were living in urban areas without Hukou entitlement? what was this population known as? what did it prevent them from accessing?
in 2010 there were over 200 million Chinese people living in urban areas without Hukou entitlement to housing and other services – known as ‘floating pop’ – socially excluded
Name a consequence of rural to urban migration for China? What’s the name of the system?
Hukou system: internal passport scheme that controls your access to key services including education, healthcare and housing provision
How many more cars are on the road in China in 2017 than 2003?
3x more cars on the road in 2017 than 2003
What percentage of remittances accounted towards rural family income in 2003?
In 2003 migrant workers remittances amounted to 18% of total rural family income
Give a consequence for the rural population? Which demographic is affected?(China)
2.5 young person per elderly person – ageing population
What happens to the young children when parents leave for urban areas? what are they known as?
‘The left behind children’ – young parents leave kids. Parents visit once a year, social exclusion. Can’t go to school
