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Case Studies P1 Flashcards

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2
Q

What was the magnitude of the Nepal Earthquake?

A

7.8

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3
Q

How many people died in the Nepal Earthquake?

A

9,000

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4
Q

How many people were injured in the Nepal Earthquake?

A

20,000

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5
Q

How many people were left homeless after the Nepal Earthquake?

A

3 million

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6
Q

What was the cost of the damage from the Nepal Earthquake?

A

$5 billion

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7
Q

What important buildings were destroyed in the Nepal Earthquake?

A

Dharahara Tower (UNESCO World Heritage site), temples, and many schools

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8
Q

What were the primary effects of the Nepal Earthquake?

A

Ground shaking, collapsed buildings, damaged infrastructure

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9
Q

What were the secondary effects of the Nepal Earthquake?

A

Landslides, avalanches on Mount Everest, flooding from blocked rivers

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10
Q

What were the immediate responses to the Nepal Earthquake?

A

Search and rescue, field hospitals, aid from India and China

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11
Q

What were the long-term responses to the Nepal Earthquake?

A

Rebuilding of homes, heritage sites, stricter building regulations

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12
Q

What was the magnitude of the Chile Earthquake?

A

8.8

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13
Q

How many people died in the Chile Earthquake?

A

500

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14
Q

How many people were injured in the Chile Earthquake?

A

12,000

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15
Q

How many homes were destroyed in the Chile Earthquake?

A

220,000

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16
Q

What was the cost of the damage from the Chile Earthquake?

A

$30 billion

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17
Q

What were the primary effects of the Chile Earthquake?

A

Infrastructure damage, collapsed buildings, loss of power and water

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18
Q

What were the secondary effects of the Chile Earthquake?

A

Tsunamis, fires, landslides

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19
Q

What were the immediate responses to the Chile Earthquake?

A

Emergency shelters, international aid, temporary repairs on major roads

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20
Q

What were the long-term responses to the Chile Earthquake?

A

Strong government response, rebuilding projects, improved building standards

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21
Q

Where did Typhoon Haiyan hit?

A

Philippines

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22
Q

What category was Typhoon Haiyan?

A

Category 5

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23
Q

How many people died in Typhoon Haiyan?

A

6,300

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24
Q

How many people were left homeless after Typhoon Haiyan?

A

1.9 million

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25
Q

What were the wind speeds of Typhoon Haiyan?

A

275 km/h

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26
What were the primary effects of Typhoon Haiyan?
Flooding, destruction of homes, loss of power, major infrastructure damage
27
What were the secondary effects of Typhoon Haiyan?
Outbreak of diseases, food and water shortages, loss of livelihoods
28
What were the immediate responses to Typhoon Haiyan?
Evacuation of 800,000 people, aid from UN, search and rescue operations
29
What were the long-term responses to Typhoon Haiyan?
Building of cyclone shelters, replanting of mangroves, 'no build zones' along the coast
30
What caused the Somerset Levels flooding?
Record rainfall (350mm in Jan/Feb – 200% of average), high tides, rivers not dredged for 20 years
31
How many homes were flooded in the Somerset Levels?
600
32
How many farms were evacuated during the Somerset Levels flooding?
16
33
What was the cost of the damage from the Somerset Levels flooding?
£10 million
34
What were the primary effects of the Somerset Levels flooding?
Flooded homes, disrupted transport, power cuts
35
What were the secondary effects of the Somerset Levels flooding?
Contaminated floodwater, debris cleanup, disrupted schooling and work
36
What were the immediate responses to the Somerset Levels flooding?
Villagers used boats for transport, local communities provided support
37
What were the long-term responses to the Somerset Levels flooding?
Dredging of rivers, building flood defences, raising of river banks
38
Where is Epping Forest located?
Essex, northeast of London
39
What type of ecosystem is Epping Forest?
Temperate deciduous forest
40
What are the main tree species in Epping Forest?
Oak, beech, hornbeam
41
How many fungi species are found in Epping Forest?
1,500
42
What management strategies are used in Epping Forest?
Pollarding, controlled grazing, habitat conservation
43
Why is Epping Forest considered sustainable?
Its nutrient cycle is balanced, biodiversity is maintained, and conservation prevents damage
44
What are the main opportunities in Svalbard?
Coal mining, tourism, fishing
45
What are the main challenges in Svalbard?
Extreme cold, permafrost, isolation, transport difficulties
46
How is tourism managed sustainably in Svalbard?
Guided tours, environmental protection measures
47
What is the main source of income in Svalbard?
Coal mining and tourism
48
What are the main industries in Alaska?
Oil, gas, fishing, tourism
49
How is sustainable development practiced in Alaska?
Managed fishing quotas, controlled oil extraction, sustainable tourism
50
What challenges does Alaska face?
Extreme weather, permafrost melting, oil spills
51
How is permafrost a challenge for development in Alaska?
Melting can damage buildings, roads, and pipelines
52
Where is the River Tees located?
Northeast England, flowing from the Pennines to the North Sea.
53
What is a famous landform along the River Tees?
High Force Waterfall.
54
How tall is High Force Waterfall?
21 metres.
55
What type of rock forms High Force?
Hard Whinstone (igneous rock) over softer limestone.
56
What is the main feature of the middle course of the River Tees?
Meanders and oxbow lakes.
57
What type of landforms are found in the lower course?
Floodplains and levees.
58
What flood management strategies are used?
Dams and reservoirs (Cow Green Reservoir), floodplain zoning, and levees.
59
Why is flood management necessary on the River Tees?
High rainfall in the Pennines and urbanisation increase flood risk.
60
Where is Banbury located?
In the Cotswold Hills, Oxfordshire, England.
61
Why did Banbury need flood management?
Severe floods in 1998 and 2007 caused significant damage.
62
What major strategies were implemented in Banbury?
- Earth embankments (3 km long) Flood storage area capable of holding 3 million cubic metres of water Pumping stations to transfer excess water
63
How much did the flood defence scheme in Banbury cost?
£18.5 million.
64
What were the benefits of the Banbury flood defence scheme?
- Reduced flood risk for 400 houses and 70 businesses Improved transport links during floods Created new biodiversity areas
65
What were the social and environmental impacts of the Banbury scheme?
- Peace of mind for residents Improved green spaces Some loss of agricultural land for flood storage
66
Where is Swanage located?
Dorset, on the south coast of England.
67
What type of coastal features are found at Swanage?
- Headlands and bays (e.g., Ballard Point and Swanage Bay) Cliffs, arches, and stacks (e.g., Old Harry Rocks)
68
What are the main types of rock at Swanage?
Chalk, clay, and limestone.
69
What coastal defences are used at Swanage?
- Groynes to prevent longshore drift Sea walls to protect cliffs and properties Beach nourishment to replace lost sand
70
Why are coastal defences important at Swanage?
They prevent erosion, protect properties and tourism, and reduce longshore drift.
71
What are the effects of the coastal defences at Swanage?
- Successful in protecting land Increased deposition on Swanage Beach Possible erosion down the coast due to sediment starvation
72
Where is Lyme Regis located?
Dorset, on the southwest coast of England.
73
Why is coastal management needed at Lyme Regis?
The coastline is vulnerable to landslides, coastal erosion, and powerful waves.
74
What were the main phases of the Lyme Regis Coastal Protection Scheme?
Phase 1 & 2: New sea walls, rock armour, and beach replenishment Phase 3: Planned but not implemented due to cost Phase 4: New sea wall extension and improved cliff stabilisation
75
How much did the whole Lyme Regis scheme cost?
Around £43 million.
76
What hard engineering strategies were used in Lyme Regis?
- Sea walls to prevent erosion Rock armour to absorb wave energy Groynes to stop longshore drift
77
What soft engineering strategies were used in Lyme Regis?
- Beach nourishment to widen the beach Cliff stabilisation to prevent landslides
78
What are the benefits of the Lyme Regis scheme?
- Better protection for 500 homes Secured the harbour for fishing and tourism Boosted local economy through tourism
79
What are the criticisms of the Lyme Regis scheme?
- High costs (£43 million) Some locals say it ruined the natural landscape Could increase erosion further along the coast

Geography (18 decks)

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