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GCSE Geography Paper 1 > Case Studies Section A > Flashcards

Case Studies Section A Flashcards

Chile, Nepal, Typhoon Haiyan, Somerset Levels

1
Q

How do Nepal and Chile differ in terms of wealth?

A

Chile has a higher GDP and level of development compared to Nepal.

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2
Q

When was the Chile Earthquake?

A

17th February 2010

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3
Q

What was the magnitude of the Chile earthquake?

A

8.8 on the Richter scale.

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4
Q

When was the Nepal earthquake?

A

25th April 2015

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5
Q

What was the magnitude of the Nepal earthquake?

A

7.9 on the Richter scale

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6
Q

How many people died in the Chile earthquake?

A

500

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7
Q

How many people were injured in the Chile earthquake?

A

12000

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8
Q

Overall, how many people were affected by the Chile earthquake?

A

800,000

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9
Q

What was the estimated cost of the Chile earthquake?

A

USD$30 billion

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10
Q

How many people died in the Nepal earthquake?

A

9000

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11
Q

How many people were injured in the Nepal earthquake?

A

20,000

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12
Q

Overall, how many people were affected by the Nepal earthquake?

A

> 8 Million (third of the population)

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13
Q

How many people were left homeless by the Nepal earthquake?

A

3 million

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14
Q

How many schools were destroyed in the Nepal earthquake?

A

7000

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15
Q

How many shops were destroyed in the Nepal earthquake and how did this affect the population?

A

50% shops destroyed, which limited food supplies in Nepal and affected people’s sources of income.

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16
Q

How many people were in urgent need of food, water and shelter after the Nepal earthquake?

A

1.4 million

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17
Q

How did the Nepal earthquake affect utilities (e.g. electricity, water, etc.)?

A

Electricity, water, sanitation and communications severely affected due to damaged and destroyed infrastructure.

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18
Q

What was the estimated cost of the Nepal earthquake?

A

USD$5 billion

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19
Q

What were the secondary effects of the Nepal earthquake?

A

Landslides and avalanches triggered.
Landslides blocked rivers like the Kali Gandaki river and flooded areas.

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20
Q

How many people died in an avalanche on Mount Everest triggered by the Nepal earthquake?

A

19

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21
Q

What did Chile do to find and help survivors after the earthquake?

A

Deployed search and rescue teams to search for survivors and set up temporary field hospitals to care for them.

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22
Q

What repairs were carried out immediately in Chile to help with relief efforts?

A

Temporary repairs to the Route 5 north-south highway which connects Santiago to the rest of the country.

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23
Q

How many shelters were immediately set up and built in Chile for the homeless?

A

5,000 temporary shelters immediately distributed

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24
Q

How quickly was water and power restored in Chile after the earthquake?

A

Power and water was restored to 90% of homes within 10 days.

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25
How much money was raised after the Chile earthquake?
USD$60 million
26
Did Chile rely on foreign aid in the long-term?
Chile did not rely heavily on foreign aid for recovery due to Chile's strong economy and preparedness.
27
How did Nepal source relief supplies immediately after the earthquake?
China, India and the UK. medical support and essential supplies.
28
How much was raised internationally after the Nepal earthquake?
Over £87 million in donations alone.
29
What did Nepal use for search, rescue and support?
Helicopters were used to search for survivors and reach those trapped from landslides and avalanches. They were also used for resource distribution to cut off communities.
30
How and why were tents so heavily relied upon after the Nepal earthquake?
0.5 million tents were supplied used for shelter for the homeless, classrooms and temporary hospitals - Hospitals were severely overwhelmed.
31
How many homes were destroyed following the Chile earthquake?
22,000 homes
32
How many schools were destroyed following the Chile earthquake?
4,500 schools
33
How many hospitals were destroyed following the Chile earthquake?
56 hospitals
34
How many ports were destroyed following the Chile earthquake?
53 ports
35
What international transport hub was destroyed in Chile?
Santiago Airport damaged
36
How much road was damaged as a secondary effect in Chile?
Landslides damaged 1500km of roads
37
Where did a fire break out as a secondary effect in Chile?
Chemical plant in Santiago
38
How much money was pledged by Chile to help?
USD$2.5 Billion
39
How many households were helped by Chile's reconstruction plan?
196,000 households aided
40
What caused the 5m storm surge (Haiyan)?
low air pressure caused a 5m storm surge
41
What were the wind speeds of Typhoon Haiyan?
195 mph
42
How much rain fell in Typhoon Haiyan?
280mm rain less than 12 hours
43
What category storm was Typhoon Haiyan?
One of the strongest category 5 storms ever recorded
44
How high were the waves in Typhoon Haiyan?
7m high waves
45
How much of Tacloban was destroyed by the storm surge?
90% of the city
46
How many were killed in Typhoon Haiyan?
6300 killed
47
How many were displaced by Typhoon Haiyan?
Over 600,000 displaced
48
How many homes were destroyed/damaged in Typhoon Haiyan?
40,000 homes destroyed/damaged
49
How much rain total was there in Typhoon Haiyan?
Over 400mm
50
How many boats were destroyed by Typhoon Haiyan?
30,000 boats
51
Name an environmental effect of Typhoon Haiyan?
Oil spills contaminated water and mangrove
52
What infrastructure was damaged by Typhoon Haiyan PRIMARILY?
Airports, ports, public services Power lines and crops
53
How many were affected by Typhoon Haiyan?
14 million
54
How many jobs were lost in Typhoon Haiyan?
6 million
55
What restricted access for aid workers (Typhoon Haiyan)?
Floods > landslides> blocked roads
56
What did shortages of power, water, food and shelter lead to?
Disease
57
How many children were at risk of malnutrition following Haiyan?
4.9 million
58
What was a social impact in Tacloban?
Looting and violence broke out
59
What happened in Typhoon Haiyan when morgues were overwhelmed?
Mass burials for the unidentified
60
How did Typhoon Haiyan disrupt transport?
Flights & ferry services disrupted for weeks
61
How long were power supplies cut off for following Typhoon Haiyan?
Power supplies cut off for a month
62
Where did food water and shelter aid come from immediately for Typhoon Haiyan?
Rapid overseas aid from NGOs
63
What aid did the US deliver for Typhoon Haiyan?
1m food packs and 250,000L water
64
What countries set up field hospitals following Typhoon Haiyan?
France, Belgium, Israel
65
How many evacuation centres were set up following Typhoon Haiyan?
1200 evacuation centres
66
How many were saved by a warning for Typhoon Haiyan?
800,000
67
What food aid was pre-positioned by the Philippines Red Cross?
canned food, rice, sugar
68
How many did the Philippines Red Cross provide with clean water?
1.1 million
69
For Typhoon Haiyan, who provided aircraft for Search and Rescue?
Canada and USA
70
In the long term, who provided £ aid and medical support for Typhoon Haiyan?
UN and international aid
71
What industries were re-established (Haiyan?
Rice farming and fishing
72
After Typhoon Haiyan, what planning strategy reduced risk to future buildings?
Rebuilding in safer areas/ no build zone
73
What protection strategy was built in the Phillippines?
Cyclone shelters
74
What programs after Typhoon Haiyan both increased income and helped with cleanup?
Cash-for-work schemes
75
How many did the WHO vaccinate and against what?
1000s vaccinated against polio and measles
76
After Typhoon Haiyan, how many did the build back better scheme aim to help?
Rebuild 205,000 homes
77
What natural barriers were implemented after Typhoon Haiyan?
Mangroves
78
When were the Somerset levels floods?
2014
79
2014 was the wettest January in Somerset in a century. How much rain was there?
350mm (100mm above average)
80
What caused flooding from the Bristol Channel?
High tides and storm surges
81
How long had the rivers not been dredged in Somerset?
20 years
82
Somerset: what were floodwaters contaminated with?
Sewage, oil, chemicals
83
What rubble was left in Somerset?
HUGE amount of debris
84
What was the impact of stagnant water in Somerset?
Stagnant water needed to be reoxygenated before being pumped back into rivers
85
How many farms were evacuated in Somerset?
16 farms
86
How many homes were flooded in Somerset?
>600 homes
87
What happened to the residents of Somerset immediately?
temporary accommodation for several months
88
What villages were cut off in Somerset?
Moorland and Muchelney
89
What services were cut off to Somerset?
power, roads, railway
90
How much farmland was flooded in Somerset?
14,000 ha for 3-4 weeks
91
In Somerset, how much livestock was evacuated?
>1000 livestock
92
How much did the floods cost Somerset County Council?
£10 million
93
What railway line was closed?
Bristol-Taunton railway line closed at Bridgewater
94
Who gave support in Somerset?
Local community groups and volunteers
95
What was the role of media in the Somerset levels floods?
HUGE media interest!!! severe flood warnings issued
96
What temporary flood defences were set up in Somerset?
sandbags and barriers
97
What was the cost of the Somerset Flood Action Plan?
£20 million
98
How long would the Flood Action Plan take (Somerset?)?
20 years
99
Who proposed the Flood Action Plan Somerset?
Somerset County Council and Environment Agency
100
What rivers were dredged following the Somerset floods?
8km of rivers Tone and Parrett
101
What flood defences were put in place in the long term in Somerset?
Road levels raised and river banks raised & strengthened more pumping stations
102
Where is a tidal barrage in Somerset 2024?
Bridgewater
103
How many businesses will the Bridgewater barrage protect?
1500 businesses

GCSE Geography Paper 1 (5 decks)

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