Cases (personal/possessive pronouns)

Question 1

Personal pronouns in the nominative case

Answer 1

я
ты
он/она/оно
мы
вы
они

Question 2

Personal pronouns in the accusative case

Answer 2

меня
тебя
его
её
нас
вас
их

Question 3

Personal pronouns in the genitive case

Answer 3

меня
тебя
его
её
нас
вас
их

Question 4

Genitive case function

Answer 4

shows possession/belonging. Similar to using ’s or of in English. In Russian the possessor always follows the object it possesses. Used for words that you could prefix with “some” or “any” in English. Commonly used after negation/in negative constructions.

Question 5

Genitive changes in the singular form

Answer 5

For masculine nouns:

If the noun ends in a consonant, add “а”: Кембридж - Кембриджа
Replace “и” with “я” - строй - строя
For feminine nouns:

Replace “а” with “ы” - мама - мамы
Replace “я” with “и” - Оля - Оли
Replace “ь” with “и” - Тень - тени
For neuter nouns:

Replace “о” with “а” - небо - неба
Replace “е” with “я” - счастье - счастья

Question 6

Genitive case changes in the plural form

Answer 6

For masculine nouns:

If the noun ends in “ж, ч, ш, щ, ь” then add “ей”- муж - мужей
If the noun ends in “и, н” (stressed) add “ов”- конец - концов
All other masculine nouns end in “ов”- студент - студентов
For feminine nouns:

If the noun ends in “а” then drop “а”; (no ending) : мама - мам
If the noun ends in [consonant] “я” then “ь” : тётя - тёть
If the noun ends in [vowel] “я” then “и” : партия - партий
If the noun ends in “ь” then add “ей” : тень - теней

For neuter nouns:

If ends in “о” then drop ;”о” (no ;ending): дело - дел
If ends in “ие” becomes “ий” : бессмертие - бессмертий

Question 7

Accusative case function

Answer 7

Indicates the direct object of a sentence

Question 8

Accusative case changes in the singular form

Answer 8

For masculine nouns:

If the noun in inanimate, there is no change.
If noun is animate and ends in a consonant, add “а”: студент - студента
For feminine nouns:

Replace “а” with “у”: мама - маму
Replace “я” with “ю”: партия - партию
Does not change if a soft sign
For neuter nouns:

Inanimate nouns do not change (almost all neuter nouns are inanimate).

Question 9

Accusative case changes in the plural form

Answer 9

For plural nouns the accusative case just ‘borrows’ from the other cases, depending on whether the object is animate or not.

Inanimate nouns: Same as the Nominative plural.

Animate nouns: Same as the Genitive plural.

Question 10

Prepositional case function

Answer 10

In Russian the Prepositional case is used after the prepositions “о” (about), “в” (in), “на” (at).

Also used to denote times, periods of time and the subject of a conversation

Question 11

Prepositional case changes in the singular form

Answer 11

For masculine nouns:

Add: “е”
Some nouns (mostly single syllable) take “у” (but not after preposition “о”)
For feminine nouns:

Replace “а” with “е”: машина - машине
Replace “я” with “и”: лекция - лекции
Replace “ь” with “и”: рань - рани
For neuter nouns:

Replace “о” with “е”: облако - облаке
“е” remains unchanged

Question 12

Prepositional case changes in the plural form

Answer 12

Look at the last letter nominative singular form (dictionary form) and:

Add “ах”: студент - студентах
Replace the last letter with “ах”

Question 13

Genitive case possessive pronouns

Answer 13

Моего (m,n), моей (f) , моих (pl)