Catholic Christianity Beliefs & Teachings Flashcards

Question

# ***2.1 The Sacramental Nature of Reality*** **Sacrament of Baptism;** **A)** What is the practice? **B)** What does this symbolise? **C)** What does this mean? **D)** Why is it important to catholics?

Answer 1

**A)** The child is brought to the church & the priest pours water over the child, baptisipng in the name of the trinity, anoints with chrism. **B)** The water symbolises washing away sin; the oil & symbolise being claimed by Christ **C)** The original sin with which the the child is born is washed away. **D) Importance:** - Catechism **teaches that without baptism**, a person cannot recieve other sacraments - Baptism washes away **original sin** so that the baptised can achive salvation & enter heaven. - Baptism makes a person a **full member** of the Church.

Answer 2

**A)** Candidate renews the vows made on their behalf at baptism. Bishop lays hand on them before anointing them with chrism. **B)** The laying on hands symbolises the gift of the Holy Spirit. **C)** The confirmed person has fully joined the Church. **D) Importance:** **1.** It makes the person a **full member** of the Church **2.** Only those who are confirmed can take on lay ministries. **3.** It gives the strength of the **Spirit to live the Christian life.**

Answer 3

**A) Sacrament of Reconciliation** - Forgives a persons sins & **brings them closer to God**. This is by confessing their sins & resolving to not sin again. Priest gives **penance & absolution** to make it easier to live a **Christian life.** **B) Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick** - Gives seriously ill people the strength to face serious illness & death. The priest prays for the person, anoints them with the oil & give them **Holy Communion** - ^ Important as it gives grace, spiritual strength & healing while allowing the person to enter heaven. **C) Sacrament of Marriage** - There are Bible readings, prayers, a homily on marriage & exchange of vows & rings. Usually followed by Nuptial Mass. - ^ These practices give grace & strength for a life-long relationship of love & faithfulness. **D) Sacrament of Holy Orders** - **Men are consecrated** into the ordained ministry. The bishop lays his hands **upon each candidate** & anoints their hands with chrism. Giving them the grace, strength & authority.

Answer 4

**1. Most protestants** believe only baptism & the **Eucharist** are essential for salvation since they were instituted by Jesus. **2. Some Protestants**, have no sacraments because they believe rituals belong to the **old law of the Old Testament** & not the new law of Jesus. **3. Some Protestants**, for example **Baptists & Pentecostals,** believe only adults can be baptised because only adult baptism is referred to in the Bible.

Answer 5

**1. Introductory Rites** - Makes Catholics aware they are sinners & includes the Penitential Rite. **2. Liturgy of the Word** - Contains Bible readings when all stand for the Gospel reading as it contains the words of Christ. **3. Liturgy of the Eucharist** - Bread & wine are brought to the alter to be offered to God. Eucharistic prayer is read & Catholics are given communion **4. Concluding Rites** - When people give thanks for what they have received and given a blessing to help them in the week ahead.

Answer 6

**1.** Eucharist is a sacrament which gives grace to live good lives & grow closer to God. **2.** The Mass is a celebration of the resurrection, showing Catholics that there is eternal life. **3.** Catholics are in the real presence of **Christ & receive the body & blood of** Christ, which joines them with Jesus, bringing them closer to salvation. **4.** Jesus Commanded attendance at Mass when he said at the Last Supper, **'Do this in memory of me.'**

Answer 7

**1.** Liturgical worship is the main form of worship in Catholic, Orthodox & many anglican Churches. - For **Nonconformists** its only used for **Holy Communion, Baptism, marriage and funerals.** **2. Nonconformist non liturgical worship has:** - Hymns or gospel songs. - extempore prayers - emphasis on the sermon, relating the Bible readings to modern life. **3. Catholics, Orthodox & Anglicans** believe that liturgical worship allows the worshipper to think about the words and develop greater understanding.

Answer 8

**1. Vigil Service** - May takes place the night before the funeral in the church - A eulogy -- speech to praise the dead -- is read. - Many families take the body to stay in the Church overnight. **2. The Funeral Liturgy ( Preferable the Requiem Mass )** - When the Church gathers with the family & friends of the deceased to give praise. - Prayers of pardon are said after the Mass. - They ask God that the persons's soul not have to **suffer in purgatory.** **3. The Rite of Committal** - Takes place at the cemetery when the scripture readings about resurrection, prayers of farewell and commendation.

Answer 9

**A) Aims of Funeral Rite** - Nature of Requiem Mass allows for communion with the deceased. - The Rite of Committal shows the communion that exists betweeen the Church on Earth & the Church in heaven. **B) Importance of Funeral Rite** - Reminds Catholics of the Church's faith that the paschal mystery means that Catholics will have eternal life. - Proclaims the message of eternal life to the community. - Gives people a chance to celebrate the deceased's life.

Answer 10

**A) Features** - **Adoration** ~ praising God for what he is. - **Thanksgiving** ~ thanking God for good things of life - **Confession** ~ telling God about your sins. **B) Why Catholics Pray ( & the importance of it )** - They want a relationship with God. - Jesus said Christians should pray. - The Catechism says Christians should pray. - Their prayer life helps them to have a healthy emotional life.

Answer 11

***Worship is importance as Jesus said that the greatest commandement is to worship God with all your heart.*** **1. Worship in the home** - this is the heart of people's lives & worshipping as a fimaly brings the family together. **2. Private Worship** - to communicate with God 1 to 1 and express private emotions. **3. Public Worship** - worshipping with other in church, especially at Mass gives a sense of belonging to a wwhole community of believers. **4. Worship at set times** - gives order and purpose to people's religious life and means worship is never forgotten.

Answer 12

**1. The Rosary** - Reminds Catholics of the **life of Christ** - Reminds Catholics of what **Christ has done for them.** - Brings comfort & identity as a **Catholic.** **2. Eucharistic adoration** - Helps the worshipper make contact with the **presence of Christ.** - Is a way of honouring and adoring **Christ.** - Follows the example of the **Pope.** **3. Stations of the Cross** - Helps Catholics identify with the **sufferings of Jesus** - Pray through the journey of **Jesus to the Cross** - Give thanks for what Jesus did for them.

Answer 13

**Prostants do not:** - Pray the Rosary because the will not have anything to do ith adoration of the Virgin Mary. **( They believed she was an ordinary person )** - Practice Eucharistic adoration because they do not believe in **transubstantiation.** - Follow the **Stations of the Cross** as they are not all based on the Bible.

Answer 14

**A) Catholics go on pilgrimages:** - To become closer to God - To add discipline to their spiritual life - To be cured from illness or to gain inner strength. **B1) Jerusalem;** - The Cenacle - The Church of All Nations - The Via Dolorosa **B2) Rome;** - Vatican City - The 4 Papal basilicas - St John Lateran contains the Holy Stairs. **B3) Lourdes** **B4) Walsingham**

Answer 15

- Protestants feel that emphasising special 'holy places' is wrong because believers can encounter God anywhere - God is the same God everywhere - They oppose any form of worshipping the Virgin Mary and any veneration of saints and relics, so they visit the holy places in Jerusalem but not Rome, Lourdes, or Walsingham.

Answer 16

**A) CST is based on:** - **Jesus's Command** to love your neighbout as yourself - The belief that Christians have a **vocation** to serve God & love their neighbour. - The teaching of the Catechism that Catholics should practise the **Cardinal Virtues.** **B) SVP tries to relieve poverty by Organising:** - Regular visiting & personal care for the lonely. - **Drop-in centres** for lonely people to have opportunities to socialise. - **Furniture stores** for unwanted furniture to use for homeles people. **C) CAFOD tries to end world poverty by;** - **Promoting long-term** development so that **LEDCs** can become self-supporting. - **Speaking out on behalf of less affluent** communities to bring Social Justice - **Promoting Fairtrade products** to bring better prices.

Answer 17

**A) 3 Features are;** **1. St Peter** organised missions through **Palestine** **2. St Thomas** took Christianity to **India.** **3. St Peter** founded the Church in **Rome.** **B) Important as:** **1.** Evangelising is the Great Commission of Jesus **2.** Christians believe hat being a Christian helps people to share God's love. **3.** Christianity in England has experienced a decline -- attendance at Mass was **30% lower in 2010 than it was in 1993.**

Answer 18

**A) Old Testament** **1.** Torah **2.** The Prophets **3.** The Writings **B) New Testament** **1.** Four Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, John **2.** Acts of the Apostles **3.** The Letters **4.** Revelation

Answer 19

**A) 4 Literary forms are;** - Law - History - Prophecy - Poetry **B) The Bible is important as;** **1.** Records the teachings of Jesus and tells Christians what to believe and how to live. ***- Contain the Decalogue - God's guide on how to live*** **2.** Record life, death and resurrection of Jesus - basis of Christian faith **3.** Reveals what God is slike and what he does for Christians

Answer 20

**1.** The Bible is inspired by the **Holy Spirit** -- which means it comes from God and gives truth & should be followed. **2.** God speaks through the Bible, **showing his character**, so it should be followed -- The Bible also reveals **God's Nature.** **3.** The Bible contains God's laws on how to behave, showing how God wants them to live. ***- Especially in the Gospels.***

Answer 21

**1. Conservative Christians** - The idea that the Bible came from and was **inspired by God** but written down by human writers - Conservatives see the Bible as a book about faith rather than a book about **science**. **2. Fundamentalist Christians** - Belief that the Bible is true, word for word from God. They think the Bible was written by people who simply wrote down what God dictated to them. **3. Liberal Christians** - Belief that the Bible was written by humans who were inspired like many authors. - Believe that some parts of the Bible are outdated.

Answer 22

**Because it:** - is inspired by the Holy spirit, which means it comes from God and is therefore holy and authoritative because it gives God's truths. - reveals God - God speaks through both the Old Testament and the New Testament, showing his character and commands - contains God's laws on how to behave, such as the 10 commandments - these rules are there to help people live as God intents, so it gives guidance.

Answer 23

**A) Definition** - The oral Gospels passed on by the Apostles to the church. **A2) Importance;** - Gives the Church the **authority of Jesus.** - Means the teachings of the Church come from the **teachings Jesus.** - Guarantee Catholic teachings are correct & truth faith. **B) Definition** - The line of bishops going back to the Apostles. - Catholics believe that St Peter was given the authority to lead the Church from Jesus & has since been passed down to all Popes. **B2) Importance;** - It means the Pope todath has the same authority as St Peter - It proves that when the Pope and his bishops give teachings - they speak as successors of the Apostels **chosen by Jesus.**

Answer 24

**A)** Everyday teachings of the Church - Found in writings & speeches of bishops and popes **B)** Pope calls all bishops to meet to settle or explore new questions - The **Second Vatican** is an example. **C)** These are infallible declerations by the Pope, there have only been 2 in history; **Immaculate conception & Assumption of Mary.**

Answer 25

**A) The magisterium is important to Catholics because:** - There is no higher authroity for Catholics than the magisterium - It gives Catholics answers to issues that did not exist in the time of the Apostles - It provides clear guidlines for Catholics on what to believe and how to behave as Catholics in toda's world. **B) The role of the Pope is to:** - lead to the **worldwide Church** and make sure it is cared for - organise the **magisterium** and make sure it is kept up to date - appoint and **ordain new cardinals** and bishops, and make sure their teaching is correct.

Answer 26

**1. Sancrosanctum Concilium** - Focused on Worship - More participating by the **laity** in the Mass - Mass could be celebrated in **local languages** - Eucharist could be **received in both forms** **2. Lumen Gentium** - Focused the Nature of the Church - Possibility of **salvation for non-Christians.** - Encouraged bishops to work together. - Explanation for the **role of Mary.** **3. Dei Verbum** - Focused on Scripture - Bible & Tradition are **equally important** - Bible should be read in Catholics **own language for understanding** - The Bible is the Word of God, written by humans, inspired by the Holy Spirit. **4. Gaudium et Spes** - Focused on humanity and society **( whole world )** - Covers economics, poverty, social justice, culture, science & technology. **( And Impacts )** - Claimed peace & justice are necessary for all. - Reflects on **importance** of talking with **non-believers** and other **Christians.**

Answer 27

**1.** Many Catholics saw the Council as **great relief** as the Church listen to people and opened them up to the **modern world.** **2.** Some thought the reforms of Vatican II went **to far.** **3.** Some thought the changes did not go far enough -- **married priests should be allowed, changes on teaching and contraception.**

Answer 28

- All Christians must carry on the work of Jesus Christ on earth. - All Christians are united with each other and Christ through baptism. - All Catholics receive the body of Christ through mass, Which links to all other Catholics who practice the Sacrament. - Similar to parts of a human body, The body of Christ is separated to each fulfil a specific purpose.

Answer 29

- This is how the Church is decribed in the **New Testament** and the Catechism - It means that Christ **did not leave the Earth at his ascension;** his body remained on **Earth in the Church** - It means that the Church is **carrying on the work of Christ** in the world. - It means that Catholics form on body and so are united with **eachother and with Christ.** - It explains the importance of the Mass. By sharing the **consecreated host** at communion, Catholics share in the Body of Christ and renew their membership of **Christ's Body**.

Answer 30

**1. Catholic Christians** accept the authority of the Pope and believe it is the role of the Pope to rule and gudide the church and to pass on the true teachings of christ **2. Orthodox Christians** reject the authority of the Pope and believe **authority** comes from councils of bishops or patriarchs acting together. **3. Protestant Christians** believe the Bible is the sole authority, the Pope has no authority to decide on beliefs and churches should be ruled democratically. **4. The Ecumenical Movement** believes that the teachings of St Paul mean Christians should unite as the Body of Christ, and Protestants and Orthodox Christians have come together in the world Coucil of Churches.

Answer 31

**1. One - One body, One Church** **Importance;** - **Division exists within Christianity** with many denominations - shows **unity for Catholics** - Duty to pray for and talk to **non-catholics.** - **Ecumenism** - an importance part of **Vatican II** **2. Holy - Jesus is a source of holiness** Importance; - Church gives **opportunity** for regular prayer and the sacraments. - Get to **know and love God** through these opportunities. **3. Catholic, Meaning 'universal'** **Importance;** - History gives evidence to the **strength, permanence and unchanging** of the Church - Catholics can take **personal strength** from the fact the **Catholic Church** continues to suffer from **persecution & attacks.** **4. Apostolic - Living tradition with Apostles** Importance; - Magisterium guides Catholics on **modern issues ( e.g. IVF )** - Duty to preserve, teach,defend and pass on **faith.** ## Footnote ***Ecumenism - Unity among Christian denominations***

Answer 32

**The 4 marks are important because** they remind Catholics that: - There is 1 faith and the CAtholic Church has preserved that faith - The Curch does not belong to any 1 nation or culture - The Church traces itself back to the Apostles throug the line of bishops - The curhc is holy, it comes from God.

Answer 33

- Protestants see the oneness of the Church as based on the **Bible and Creeds**. For Catholics and Orthodox it is based on the **Creeds and Catechism** - All Christians agree that the Church is **holy** - All Christians agree that theChurch is catholic as it is for all **races and nations** - Protestans believe the Church is apostolic because it is based on the Bible. For Catholic and Orthodox it is also based on **Apostolic Tradition** and the line of bishops.

Answer 34

**1. Joined with Jesus** - She is the **mother of the Church** since she is the mother of Jesus **( the Church is the Body of Christ )** - Doctrine about Mary is also about Jesus **( Immaculate Conception, Assumption )** **2. Discipleship** - Sometime called the **first disciple** -- she had faith in Jesus from the moment of his **conception.** - Her **sacrifice** and service began **before Jesus' birth.** **3. Faith and Charity** - She accepted the risk of **bearing Jesus.** - She obeyed the **command in Joseph's dream** to flee to egypt - She is seen as **charitable** as she enouraged Jesus to solve to **problem of a lack of wine** at the wedding in Cana.

Answer 35

**1.** If she had not obeyed God, **Jesus would not have been born** & without his birth there would be no **Christianity or Salvation.** **2.** The **Virgin Birth** means Mary gave birth to God & so she is the **mother of God** - as such, she is the **most important human to have ever lived.** **3.** At the end of her life she was **taken up to heaven** instead of dying so she did not suffer death like everyone else. ***- ( Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary )***

Answer 36

**1. Feast Days** - **1st January:** Mary the Holy Mother of God - **25th March:** The Annunciation of the Lord **2. Special Prayers** - The Hail Mary - The Rosary **3. Places of Pilgrimage** - Lourdes - Mexico

Answer 37

**1. Love for Others** - Cared for the poor, outcasts, ill etc. ***( Matthew 7:12 )*** **2. Forgiveness** - Key to saslvation. ***( Matthew 6:14 )*** - Jesus even forgave those who crucified him. ***( Luke 23:33-35 )*** **3. Servanthood** - Given title **'Servant King'.** - Crucifixion was **ultimate act of servanthood.** **4. Social Justice** - Jesus cared for physical as well as spiritual needs. - Parable of the **Sheep and Goats.** ***( Matthew 25:37-40 )***

Answer 38

**A) Natural Law** **1.** A discoverable **moral law** that provides **set rules for all.** **2.** The **Catholic Church** follows the teachings of natural laws found in **St Thomas Aquinas' writings** **3.** Most basic element is **'do good, avoid evil.'** **B) Virtue** **1.** A Virtue is a moral excellence **2. Virtue ethics** consider the moral character of a person to help analyse their ethical decisions. **3. St Thomas Aquinas** referred to **Cardinal Virtues & Theological Virtues.** **C) Primacy of Conscience** **1.** Catholics have to follow an **informed conscience** **2.** Must be informed by the **Bible and tradition** as interpreted by the **magisterium** ## Footnote **Cardinal Virtues** - Prudence, justice, temperance. and fortiude **Theological Virtues** - Faith, hope, and charity

Answer 39

**Christians often use more than one authority when making a moral decision because:** - The example and teaching of Jesus say nothing about modern issues such a contraception or **same-sex marriage** - Some Catholics might use their conscience to make decisions about same-sex marriage or supplying condoms to **AIDS sufferers** - Others might use the authroity of Jesus or the Church to **reject their conscience**.

Answer 40

**A) 3 Features are;** **1. A nave** where the worshippers sit **2. A sanctuary** with the alter, lectern & usally the tabernacle. **3. The baptismal font** containing holy water **B) The features reflect belief as;** - **The altar** reflecs the belief that the priest offers Mass on the altar as a symbol of Christ. - **The candles** reflect the belief that Jesus is the light of the world. - **The tabernacle** reflects the belief that Jesus is really present in the **Blessed Sacrament.**

Answer 41

- The people gather in the nave for worship - The priests and servers gater in the sanctuary. - The lectern is used for the Liturgy of the Word. - The altar is used for the mass when the gifts are placed on it and then consecrated as the priest offers the sacrifice of Christ.

Answer 42

**1. The Lectern** - It is Gospel reading which clearly express the nature & importance of redemption Christ brought. **2. The Altar** - Expresses redepmtion as it is an altar of sacrifice. **3. The Tabernacle** - Remind catholics of the redemption brought by Christ's sacrifice in his body broken for them.

Answer 43

**1. Sacred vessel** - They are used for the sacrament of the Eucharist & are crucial to belief in the sacred mystery of transubstantion. **2. Sacrophagi** - Reflect Catholic beliefs about saints and the holiness which can be gained through prayer. **3. Hunger Cloth** - Reflecting Catholic beliefs about the need for Christians to follow the example of Jesus. **4. Cloths and vestments** - These are sacred objects used as covers for alter and lectern & for priest. Colour scheme represents. - White or gold for special celebrations such as **Christmas and Easter** - Green for **'ordinary time'** when there are no special celebrations

Answer 44

**A) 3 Purposes are;** - To back up the beliefs of the **Catholic faith** through artistic means. - It helps draw the observer into **deeper worship of God.** - It helps the observer **understand more about God.** **B1) Fresco by Giotto of St Francis of Assisi** - **St Francis'** one hand lowered symbolises him welcoming the birds. - The other hand is raised in blessing, with **3** fingers reflecting Trinity. - St Francis' golden halo shows the holy quality of his life & God's presence within him. **B2) Icon of Christ - St Catherine's Monastery, Sinai** - The different facial expressions on either side of the face show **Christ's 2 natures**. - The halo shows Christ's holiness & the face it is gold shows his **divinity**. - The holy book symbolises that Christ is the **Word of God** and that the Bible comes from **God**.

Answer 45

**A) 3 Statues Include;** - Statue of Virgin Mary - Statue of Sacred Heart of Jesus - Statues of St.Peter **B) 2 Ways Include;** - **Statue of the Sacred Heart** of Jesus remind Catholics of the **Passion of Christ** & the fire of his eternal love. - **Statue of Virgin Mary** with her baby son reflect the belief that even though **Mary is the mother of God**, she is a witness to her son. - Statues of Mary with her adult son **portray** Mary as young, too young to be the mother of the child she holds, showing that she is her son's daught as much as he is her son. Christ was her **Creater and Redeemer**.

Answer 46

**1. The Cross & Crucifix** - **Purpose:** A reminder of his death & resurecction - **Use:** Often found in Catholic homes. **2. The Dove** - **Purpose:** Represent the Holy Spirit - **Use:** Used in Christian artwork **3. The Alpha & Omega** - **Purpose:** Shows eternal nature of Jesus - **Use:** Found on decoration around Church.

Answer 47

- **Matthew's symbol** is a winged man spreading the Gospel as his Gospel stresses the Incarnation of Jesus - God made man. - **Mark's symbol** is a winged lion as his Gospel shows Jesus is a courgeous, miracle-working figure - a lion. - **Luke's symbol** is a winged ox as his Gospel stresses the sacrifice Jesus and oxen were offered as sacrifiices. - **John's symbol** is a winged eagle. The soaring eagle suggests God's word as his Gosepl speaks of Jesus as the Word of God made man.

Answer 48

**A1) Mystery Plays** - Being in the **language of the people**, not Latin - Using humour, **including slapstick** - Making the spiritual message **clear & simple** **A2) Passion Plays** - Being in the language of the people - Brining the drama of the events to life - Making the **Passion** a spectacle **B) Importance Includes;** - **Drama helps people** undertand & remember Bible stories in a more poerful way than reading. - Those participating may feel it as a form of worship.

Answer 49

- Mystery plays express Catholic beliefs about creation, the fall of man, the Incarnation, the Last Supper, the Atonment, the crucifixion, the Blessed Virgin Mary. They bring the beliefs to life through play & characterisation - The Mass is a drama when the priest(s) re-enacts Christ's sacrifice and the Last Supper in the Eucharistic prayer to express Catholic beliefs about transubstantiation and atonement. - In the Easter Liturgy, the Gosepl of the Passion is broken down into many voices for the different characters, so presenting Catholic beliefs about the passion through dramatic readings.

Answer 50

**A) 3 Types of Music Include;** - Hymns - Plainchant - Pslams **B) 2 Ways Include;** - Hymns use words and music to express beliefs to express beliefs to God, for exmaple **'Hail Holy Queen'** expresses Catholic belief about the **Virgin Mary** - There are **Pslams** of **praise, thanksgiving & lament,** so they contain many human emotions about life, God & Religion. **Making them relevant today.**

Catholic Christianity Beliefs & Teachings Flashcards

(74 cards)