Cattle - Infectious Disease Flashcards
(17 cards)
Johnes Transmission
Feco Oral
Colostrum
Sometimes in utero
Johnes Stages
1 - silent - undetectable
2 - subclinical shedder - infectious, shedding bacteria in feces but no signs
3 - acute or intermittent diarrhoea - episodes often triggered by stress, shedding lots of bacteria, decreased milk production, lethargy, loss of condition
4 - end stage - liquid diarrhoea, emaciated, bottle jaw, death
Johnes Diagnosis
fecal detection of MAP bacteria - once shedding
pooled fecal sample - herd status
bulk milk tank ELISA - not sensitive but can be used to screen herd before narrowing down
fecal culture - takes a long time to culture
serum ELISA - expensive, early detection
Johnes prevention
screening of new cows introduced
buying only from johnes free herds
isolation of new cows until 2 tests 6 months apart
closed herd
AI breeding
biosecurity
secure boundaries
Johnes free colostrum
removal of calves from Johnes positive cows
culling of positive cows
herdsure certification
Johnes Treatment
No treatment
cull
Johnes Herdsure Certification
levels - 1, 2a, 2b, 3
3 clear tests running for level 3 certified johnes free - 2 years
tests all breeding animals over 2 years old
Johnes Notifiable Disease Status
not notifiable in GB
Notifiable in NI
BTB Transmission
fomites
bodily fluids
suckling
occasionally in utero
BTB Diagnosis
tuberculin skin test
interferon gamma blood test
PM lesions
BTB Testing Frequency
high risk area or infected herd - 6 months
edge area - 6 months-1 year
low risk - 4 years
BTB Prevention
AI breeding
closed herd
testing
wildlife control
secure farm borders
biosecurity
visitor and vehicle control
movement restriction
BTB Treatment
no treatment
cull
BTB Notifiable Disease Status
notifiable - must report
zoonotic
when suspected no movement on or off farm until cleared
once confirmed movement restrictions as specified by DEFRA
Bluetongue Transmission
midges - culicoides spp
movement of infected animals
movement of animal products - blood, semen
Bluetongue Signs
lethargy
crusty lesions - nostrils and muzzle
redness - mouth, eyes, nose
redden skin above the hoof
looks like foot and mouth
