CAUSE AND EFFECT (all periods in sequential order) Flashcards
Industrial Revolution
Cause: Advances in technology and the availability of natural resources.
Effect: Shift from agricultural-based societies to industrialized societies.
French Revolution
Cause: Economic and social inequality, Enlightenment ideals, and political corruption.
Effect: the spread of democratic ideals, and the establishment
of modern nation-states.
World War 1
Cause: Tensions between European powers over imperialism, nationalism, and alliances.
Effect: The Treaty of Versailles, the establishment of the League of Nations, and the rise of
fascism
Russian Revolution
Cause: Economic hardship, political corruption, and the influence of Marxist ideology.
Effect: The establishment of a socialist government under Vladimir Lenin, the formation of the
Soviet Union, and the spread of communism.
Great Depression
Cause: Economic factors such as overproduction and speculation in the stock market
Effect: Increased government intervention in the economy, the rise of fascist and nationalist
movements, and the outbreak of World War II.
World War 2
Cause: The rise of fascist and nationalist movements, which included: territorial expansion, military build up, and the failure of
appeasement policies
Effect: The establishment of the United Nations, the Cold War, and the emergence of the United
States and the Soviet Union as superpowers.
World War 2: Main powers of Axis vs Allied powers and goals of
GIP vs USU
Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan
Goal: territorial expansion, militarism, and fascist ideologies
Allied: UK, US, Soviet Union
Goal: to defeat axis powers, end war, united in opposition to Axis powers’ goals
Cold War
No direct military action
Cause: Ideological differences between the United States (capitalism) and the Soviet Union (communism), and competition
for global influence.
Effect: The spread of communism, the arms race (wanted to outdo the other by building up military capabilities), and proxy wars in developing countries
Major proxy wars
Korean War (1950-1953): between North (communist) and South (capitalist) korea, ENDED: still divided
Vietnam War (1955-1975): between North (communist) and South (capitalist) Vietnam,
ENDED: with reunification under communist rule
Soviet-Afghan war (1979-1989): between Soviet forces and Afghan rebels(supported by US)
ENDED: soviet defeat and contributed to end of SU
Angolan Civil War (1975-2002): betweed socialist gov of Angola (communist powers) and anti-communist rebels (supported by US and S Africa)
ENDED: with socialist gov in Angola
Nicaraguan Revolution (1978-1990): Socialist Sandinista gov of Nicaragua (C) and anti-communist rebels (supported by US)
ENDED: with Sandinistas retaining power on Nicaragua
Decolonization
Cause: Nationalist movements and the decline of European power following World War II.
Effect: The establishment of independent nations in Africa and Asia, the rise of non-aligned
nations, and the emergence of new political and economic systems.
Decolonization
Cause: Nationalist movements and the decline of European power following World War II.
Effect: The establishment of independent nations in Africa and Asia, the rise of non-aligned
nations, and the emergence of new political and economic systems.
Events of Decolonization (1947-1966)
Indian Independence (1947): India gained independence from Britain after long struggle, led by Mahatma Gandhi and Indian National Congress
Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962): after brutal eight year war, Algeria gained independence from France
Ghanaian Independence (1957): Ghana was first African colony to gain independence from E rule
Kenyan Independence (1963): Gained independence from Britain after long struggle, led by Jomo Kenyatta and Kenyan African National Union
Congo Crisis (1960-1966): Gained independence from Belgium, BUT descended into chaos bs various factions fought for control of country. Long period of instability and conflict
Suez Crisis (1956): Britain, France, and Israel invaded Egypt after president Nasser nationalized suez canal. Invading powers were DEFEATED, led to increased anti-colonial attitude in region
Globalization
Cause: Advances in technology and transportation, and the spread of capitalism (free trade, economic interdependence).
Effect: Increased interconnectedness and cultural exchange, the emergence of global
corporations, and the widening gap between rich and poor (cheap labor, less labor protections and welfare programs in developed countries).
Post-Cold War Era
Cause: The collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War.
Effect: The expansion of democracy, the emergence of new economic powers such as China,
and increased tensions over issues such as terrorism and climate change.
Green Revolution
Cause: Population growth (pressure to increase food production), tech advances (made it possible to improve agricultural efficiency), political factors (govs promoted rev to increase food security and reduce poverty)
Effect: Increases in food production (new agricultural tech), Social impacts, environmental impacts (synthetic fertilizers and pesticides negatively impacted, like water pollution and biodiversity loss)
