Causes and S/Sx Flashcards
(24 cards)
Causes of Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD)
(DVHL&E)
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Hemorrhage
- Laxatives and Enema
Signs and symptoms of FVD
(WeDIDPOT)
- Weight loss
- Dry and concentrated urine/ oliguria
- Increased specific gravity/ decreased CVP
- Dry oral mucous membrane
- Poor skin turgor
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Tachypnea, Tachycardia
Causes of Fluid Volume Excess (FVE)
(CRS)
- Congestive Heart Failure
- Renal failure
- SIADH
Signs and symptoms of FVE
(WeNIDDR)
- Weight gain
- Neck vein engorgement/ JVD
- Increased cellular vein pressure (CVP)
- Dependent edema
- Dyspnea, orthopnea
- Rales/ crackle
Causes of HYPONATREMIA
(BLADDAS)
- Burn
- Low sodium diet
- Ascites
- Diarrhea
- Diuresis
- Addison’s disease
- SIADH
Signs and symptoms of HYPONATREMIA
(TaCHMID/C)
- Tremors and convulsion
- Headache
- Muscle twitching
- Irritability
- Disorientation/ confusion
Causes of HYPERNATREMIA
(HDDI)
- High sodium diet
- Dehydration
- Diabetes Insipidus
Signs and symptoms of HYPERNATREMIA
(TODDD)
- THIRST (Initial)
- Oliguria
- Dry oral mucous membrane
- Dry/ rubbery skin turgor
- Dry tongue
Causes of HYPOKALEMIA
(SL&DAPP)
- Severe vomiting
- Laxatives and diuretics
- Alkalosis
- Prolonged gastric suctioning
- Potassium-wasting diuretics
Signs and symptoms of HYPOKALEMIA
(MFANPD)
- Muscle weakness
- Fatigue
- Anorexia
- Paralytic ileus/ constipation
- Diminished pulse/ Deep tendon reflex
ECG changes in HYPOKALEMIA
(PID)
- Pathologic U wave
- Inverted T wave
- Diminished QRS wave
Causes of HYPERKALEMIA
(RAP)
- Renal Failure
- Acidosis
- Potassium-sparing diuretics
Early Sign/s of HYPERKALEMIA
(PID)
- Paresthesia
- Irritability
- Diarrhea
Late Sign/s of HYPERKALEMIA
Muscle weakness
Other Sign/s of HYPERKALEMIA
NMT
- Nausea and vomiting
- Muscle twitching
- Tremors
Causes of HYPOCALCEMIA
(HALA)
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Alkalosis
- Low calcium diet
- Alcoholism
Signs and symptoms of HYPOCALCEMIA
(PareTT&CIDD/C,CT)
- Paresthesia
- Tetany
- Tremors and Convulsion
- Increased deep tendon reflex
- Diarrhea
- Disorientation/ confusion
- Chvostek’s sign (Positive)
- Trousseau’s sign (Positive)
Causes of HYPERCALCEMIA
(2H)
- High calcium diet
- Hyperparathyroidism
Signs and symptoms of HYPERCALCEMIA
(MFANPD) (Same as Hypokalemia)
- Muscle weakness
- Fatigue
- Anorexia
- Nausea and vomiting
- Paralytic ileus/ constipation
- Decreased bowel sounds
Causes of HYPOMAGNESEMIA
(CLaMPd)
- Chronic alcoholism
- Laxative abuse
- Marasmus
- Prolonged diarrhea
Neuromuscular signs of HYPOMAGNESEMIA
(3Ts) (Same as Hypocalcemia)
- Tetany
- Twitching
- Tremors
Other signs of HYPOMAGNESEMIA
(PareLC&S,CT) (Same as Hypocalcemia)
- Paresthesia
- Leg cramps
- Convulsions and seizures
- Chvostek’s sign (positive)
- Trousseau’s sign (positive)
Cause/s of HYPERMAGNESEMIA
Renal Failure
Signs and symptoms of HYPERMAGNESEMIA
(>BURP)
- Increased BP
- Increased Urine output
- Increased Respiratory rate
- Increased Pulse rate
