causes and treatments for rhythms Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in causes and treatments for rhythms Deck (12)
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1
Q

Potential causes and treatment for this rhythm

A

sinus tachycardia:

Causes: Exercise, emotion, hypotension, response to acute lung or abdominal pathology, thyrotoxicosis

Treatment: usually none, in the event of thyrotoxicosis beta blockers

2
Q

Potential causes and treatments for this type of rhythm

A

sinus bradycardia

Causes: athletes, vagotonic states: faint, sick sinus syndrome, inferior infarct

Treatment: usually none, atropine, pacemaker if symptoms

3
Q

potential causes and treatments for this rhythm

A

first degree av block

Causes: drug induced: beta blockers, calcium blockers, digitalis; or conduction system disease

Treatment: usually benight so treatment rarely needed

4
Q

Potential causes and treatments for this rhythm

A

third degree heart block

Causes: sever conduction system disease, rarely drugs

Treatment: pacing if ventricular rate or BP are too low

5
Q

What can precede this abnormal contraction

A

premature atrial contraction

abnormal P wave often precedes

narrow QRS resembling normally conducting beats usually

6
Q

Potential causes and treatments for this rhythm

A

Premature Ventricular Contractions

Cause: common in normal situations, acute MI, or heart failure

Treatment: usually not required, sometimes beta blockers used

7
Q

Describe the pulse rate and quality in this rhythm and treatments

A

Atrial Flutter

p waves (flutter waves) rate of 240-320 beats/min

regular or irregular pulse

ventricular rates vary but usually rapid if untreated

Treatments: anticoagulation, rate control with drugs, cardioversion, ablation

8
Q

What heart rate is seen in this rhythm and what treatments can be used

A

atrial tachycardia

heart rate >150/min (baseline = 70/min)

Treatments: adenosine, vagal maneuver, beta blocker, verapamil or diltiazem

Characteristics: narrow QRS complexes, p waves present but abnormal

9
Q

Characteristics of the rhythm (depolarization rate, quality of rhythm) and patient populations this is seen in

A

Atrial Fibrillation

Characteristics: no p waves, chaotic atrial depolarization at >350/min (creates undulating baseline), “irregularly irregular ventricular rhythm”

Patient Populations: NI subjects (“lone a fib”), aging, post-op, heart disease, hyperthyroidism

10
Q

Problems associated with this rhythm and treatments

A

Atrial Fibrillation

Problems: Rapid heart rate (ischemia, heart failure), loss of atrial kick ( heart failure), atrial thrombi (embolic stroke)

Treatments: anticoagulation, rate control with drugs, cardioversion, ablation

11
Q

Describe the characteristis of the rhythm and comment on treatment

A

Junctional rhythm

Characteristics: regular, narrow QRS, no antecedant P waves

Treatment: usually not needed

12
Q

Characteristics of this rhythm and treatments

A

ventricular tachycardia

Characteristics: usually regular, wide complexes 100-200 b/min,

usually no p waves visible, called “sustained” if > 30 sec duration

Life Threatening!

Treatment: amiodarone, lidocaine, cardioversion