Causes of HAGMA/NAGMA

Question 1

HAGMA Causes - LTKR, CATMUDPILES

Answer 1

L - Lactate
T- Toxins
K- Ketoacidosis
R - Renal impairment

C - CO/CN
A- Alcoholic ketoacidosis/starvation ketosis
T- Toulene
M - Metformin
U - Uraemia
D - DKA
P - Paracetamol / Propylene glycol
I - Iron/Isoniazid
L - Lactic acidosis
E - Ethylene glycol
S - Salicylates

Question 2

Causes of NAGMA - CAGE

Answer 2

C - Chloride
A- Acetazolamide/ Addisons
G - GI Loss
E - Extra’s : RTA, recovery DKA, ureterostomies, Pancreatostomies, ileostomies