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History: Japan > CAUSES OF JAPANESE EXPANSIONISM > Flashcards

CAUSES OF JAPANESE EXPANSIONISM Flashcards

1
Q

TREATY OF KANAGAWA

A

1854

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2
Q

“revere the emperor, expel the barbarians”

A

1853 - 1868
- causes social + political polarisation

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3
Q

MEIJI RESTORATION

A

1868

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4
Q

5 ARTICLES

A

1868

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5
Q

ARMY MODERNISATION

A

1870s

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6
Q

“enrich the country, strengthen the military”

A

1870s

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7
Q

RESCRIPT ON SOLDIERS AND SAILORS

A

1882

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8
Q

MEIJI CONSTITUTION

A

1889

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9
Q

IMPERIAL RESCRIPT ON EDUCATION

A

1890

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10
Q

CIVIL CODE

A

1896
Article 1
1. private rights must conform to public welfare
2. exercise of rights and performance of duties
must be done in good faith
3. no abuse of rights is permitted
Article 2
this code must be constructed in accordance with
honouring the dignity of individuals and the essential
equality of both sexes

ideology + long term

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11
Q

FIRST SINO JAPANESE WAR

A

1894 - 1895
—- causation —-
1. economic issues
2. expansionism aims
3. diplomatic breach
4. japan’s military modernisation
—- results —-
1. china lost
2. treaty of shimonoseki 17/04/1895
a. liaodong peninsula –> japan
b. japan can influence formosa island (taiwain)
c. china pays reparations
d. japan as korean protectorate

long term + ideological + territorial

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12
Q

TRIPLE INTERVENTION

A

23/04/1895
russia, germany and france / britain takes the gains from the japanese victory over china

russia: took control of liaodong peninsula + port 
             arthur 

germany: shandong province 

france / britain: seized ports and cities whilst 
                             increasing their sphere of influence 
                             in the south
  • this causes nationalistic resentments against the
    western powers as they were belittled and treated
    with such disrespect.
  • this anchored hate and tension for future events
  • this lead to japan fearing isolation again hence the
    anglo - japanese pact 1902

long term + political + nationalistic + territorial

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13
Q

PORTS AND RAILWAYS

A
  • provides military services + aid
  • convenient and fast transportation of resources

long term + territorial

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14
Q

RUSSO - JAPANESE WAR

A

1904 - 1905
1. Siege of Port Arthur August 1904
a. Russia loses 31,000 men
b. Russia surrenders in Jan 1905

  1. Battle of Mukden February 1905
    a. Russia loses 90,000 men
    b. Russian troops forced out of Southern Manchuria
  2. Battle of Tsushima May 1905
    a. Russian Baltic fleet destroyed <24hrs
    b. Russia loses 4,000 men
    c. 1/3 of Russian fleet destroyed

AS A RESULT:
i. Japan once again proves their military greatness
ii. Russia is aware of their under estimation of Japan
iii. Lead to Treaty of Portsmouth

long term + territorial + nationalism

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15
Q

TREATY OF PORTSMOUTH

A

1905, straight after Battle of Tsushima + mediated by
the US
JAPAN WANTED:
1. All of Sakhalin island
2. Indemnity (reparations)
3. Possession of Korea, Liaodong + Port Arthur

JAPAN WAS GIVEN:
1. 1/2 of Sakhalin island
2. a mere lease over the 2 ports
3. no reparations
4. Russian troops removed from Manchuria
5. Russia “recognises” Japanese influence over
Korea

AS A RESULT:
a. Japan once again felt discriminated and belittled
against
b. more national resentment and ultranationalistic
ideology evolving

long term + ideological + territorial

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16
Q

INVASION OF MANCHURIA

A

1931 - 1941
——— CAUSATION ——–
1. Machuria is rich in raw materials
2. Manchuria is an “annexed” state of Japan
3. Japan’s nationalistic ideology
4. Territorial + economic benefits

17
Q

MUKDEN INCIDENT

A

SEPTEMBER 1931
1. Japan bombs the SMR and blames it on the
Chinese as “sabotage”
2. Kwantung army acts in unilateralism
3. This results in China appealing to the league

RESULTS
a. Japan refuses collective security as stated by the
League
b. Japan develops further nationalistic ideology
c. China boycotts Japanese imports (may 1928)

short term + territorial

18
Q

LYTTON COMMITTEE + REPORT

A

DEC 1931 - 1932
a. A group of “representatives” that go to
Manchuria to inspect the bombing
b. Publishes a report in 1932 (a year after the
attack)

WHAT DID THEY THINK
i. Lytton commission rejected to recognise
Machuria as Manchukuo
ii. Reaffirms Chinese sovereignty over Manchuria
iii. Recommends Japanese troops withdraw from
Manchuria
iv. Recommend self government for Manchuria to
China
v. Unjustified Japanese army actions

–> this lead to Japan withdrawing from LON

diplomacy + short term

19
Q

SHANGHAI INCIDENT

A

JAN 1932 - MAY 1932

  1. Shanghai was rioting against the invasion on
    Manchuria
    1. Japanese and Chinese people were getting killed
      in the riot
    2. China appeals to the league but they don’t do
      anything
    3. League mediated truce between the two
    4. China wasn’t allowed any troops in Shanghai but
      the Japanese were
    5. Increased Japanese aggression towards China

short term + territorial

20
Q

TANGGU TREATY

A

MAY 1933
- happened as a result of invasion in Manchuria
1. Manchuria is now recognised officially as
Manchuko
2. Jehol ceded to Japan secured in 4/03/1932
3. great wall of China controlled by Japanese

short term + territorial

21
Q

KELLOG - BRIAND PACT

A

AUG 1928
1. negotiated with the US
2. not to use war to resolve “disputes or conflicts of
whatever nature”
3. Japan agrees to this

failure of diplomacy + long term

22
Q

STIMSON DOCTRINE

A

JAN 1932
a. Retain open door policy
b. won’t recognise Machukuo
c. Japan broke the 9 power pact
d. US no longer bound by naval limits

diplomacy + short term

23
Q
A

History: Japan (6 decks)

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