causes of LOW VISION

Question 1

a patient having macular diseases will experience the ff:

Answer 1

Central vision loss

Color vision defect

Question 2

a child with retinoblastoma will experience the ff:

Answer 2

Amaurotic Cat’s eye

Clumsy

Question 3

the presence of silver-wire arterial reflex is observed in what grade of hypertensive retinopathy

Answer 3

Grade 3

Question 4

the presence of copper-wire arterial reflex is observed in what grade of Hypertensive retinopathy

Answer 4

Grade - 2

Question 5

Demarcation line is observed in what stage of Retinopathy of Prematurity:

Answer 5

Grade - 1

Question 6

this type of hemorrhage located between vitreous and retina:

Answer 6

Pre-Retinal

Question 7

This is a type of hemorrhage found between choroid and retina

Answer 7

Sub-retinal

Question 8

There are two types of diabetic retinopathy, namely:

Answer 8

Proliferative, Non-Proliferative

Question 9

There are two types of macular degeneration, namely:

Answer 9

Wet, Dry

Question 10

This is the end stage of Retinopathy of Prematurity

Answer 10

Total Retinal detachment

Question 11

This is a characteristic of Retinopathy of Prematurity

Answer 11

demarcation line

Question 12

The ff. are the characteristics of retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 12

• Bone spicule scattered at the peripheral fundus
• Tubular visual field

Question 13

It is a proliferative vascular disease that occurs after birth in low-birthweight and premature infants in whom the retinal vasculature is not fully developed

Answer 13

ROP

Question 14

characteristics of retinoblastoma

Answer 14

It is characterized by the creamy pink, flat or elevated tumor on the retinal surface with chalky white calcium deposits

Question 15

characteristics of toxoplasmosis

Answer 15

• It is characterized by the presence of yellow-green scar about 3dd with black pigmentation
• It is a parasitic retinopathy caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite

Question 16

It is a degenerative disorder characterized by a slowly progressive deterioration of the cones and rods *

Answer 16

Cone-Rod Dystrophy

Question 17

It is the separation of the retina at the macula

Answer 17

Macular detachment

Question 18

It is a focal depression on the macula

Answer 18

Macular Hole

Question 19

It is a thickening of the retina in the macular area extending within 1dd from the fovea centralis which is usually occurring after fluid accumulation

Answer 19

macular Edema

Question 20

It is a degenerative lesion of the macula associated with aging

Answer 20

Macular Degeneration

Question 21

A child with retinoblastoma will exhibit:

Answer 21

Leukocoria

Question 22

A person with retinitis pigmentosa will exhibit the ff. in his ocular fundus

Answer 22

• Bone spicules at the peripheral fundus
• arterial attenuation

Question 23

Peripheral vision problem is seen in the ff. ocular diseases

Answer 23

• Retinitis pigmentosa
• Glaucoma

Question 24

Blood and thunder fundus is seen in:

Answer 24

CRVO

Question 25

Salt and pepper appearance of fundus is seen in

Answer 25

retinitis pigmentosa

Question 26

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is due to

Answer 26

retinal break

Question 27

The most common intraocular tumour in children is

Answer 27

retinoblastoma

Question 28

The ff. are the structures of the posterior segment of the eye

Answer 28

Fovea Centralis, Macula, Optic disc, Retina

Question 29

clinical signs of retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 29

Threadlike arteries

Question 30

clinical signs of hypertensive retinopathy

Answer 30

* Threadlike arteries * Presence of hemorrhages

Question 31

clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy

Answer 31

* Presence of hemorrhages * increased tortuosity of veins

Question 32

The **distinguishing** characteristic of **proliferative diabetic retinopathy** is

Answer 32

Neovascularization of the optic disc

Question 33

The distinguishing characteristic of wet macular degeneration is

Answer 33

Neovascularization of the macula

Question 34

In retinal detachment, the separation occurs between

Answer 34

RPE and Photoreceptor layer

Question 35

This is a condition where there is separation of the two retinal layers, the retina proper and the pigmentary epithelium by the subretinal fluid

Answer 35

Retinal Detachment

Question 36

It is always due to a break in the retina in the form of a hole or tear. This allows the fluid from the vitreous to seep through and raise the retina from its bed \*

Answer 36

Rhegmatogenous

Question 37

Peculiar yellow or white pupillary reflex called the “amaurotic cat’s eye” is usually noticed by the parents

Answer 37

Leukocoria

Question 38

There is obstruction to the venous circulation of the retina due to thrombosis or embolus

Answer 38

Central Retinal Vein Occlusion CRVO

Question 39

It refers to the inflammation of the internal structures of the eye

Answer 39

Endophthalmitis

Question 40

This is the purulent inflammation of all the structures of the eye

Answer 40

Panophthalmitis

Question 41

It is the accumulation of fluid or hemorrhages in the macular area in a star-like pattern

Answer 41

Macular Star

Question 42

It is the post nasal myelination of optic nerve

Answer 42

Myelinated nerve fiber

Question 43

This is a **semi-lunar** white yellow patch located temporally and inferiorly

Answer 43

Crescent

Question 44

The ff. are true about diabetic retinopathy

Answer 44

* Associated with diabetes mellitus * presence of soft and hard exudates * Retinal vascular disease

Question 45

The ff. are true about hypertensive retinopathy

Answer 45

* Arteries present copper and silver wire reflex * Associated with systemic disease * Straightening of the blood vessels

Question 46

A condition in which half of the visual field is blind

Answer 46

Hemianopsia

Question 47

This a quadrant loss of the visual field

Answer 47

quadrantanopsia