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IB History - Grade 12 > Causes of the Spanish Civil War > Flashcards

Causes of the Spanish Civil War Flashcards

1
Q

What were the five major ideologies?

A

Liberalism
Nationalism
Anarchism
Socialism
Communism

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2
Q

Liberalism aspects

A
  • Civil liberties
  • Constitutional government
  • Diplomacy rather than violence
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3
Q

Nationalism aspects

A
  • Patriotism of the country
  • Elements of xenophobia
  • State has rights over the individual
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4
Q

Anarchism aspects

A
  • Society without authority, rulers and rules
  • Society of associations of independent workers
    Radical: violent revolution
    Non-Revolutionary: power can be devolved from central to local governments
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5
Q

Socialism aspects

A
  • Equal socio-economic system
  • Government controls major industries and taxes the rich
  • Housing, healthcare, education and unemployment benefits
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6
Q

Communism aspects

A
  • Everything is economically aimed
  • Class struggle is main factor
  • All property is ‘commonly’ owned by the community
  • “each according to his ability, each according to his need”
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7
Q

What were the short-term causes?

A
  • Economy
  • Political issues (ideologies)
  • Religion
  • Political divisions
  • Regionalism
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8
Q

Political issues

A

From 1871 - Constitutional monarchy
- Real power was in the hands of oligarchs
- Libs and conservatives, no democratic party
- Army intervened often and was powerful
- People were unhappy with the army due to brutality and taxation
- Army’s credibility was undermined after losing war with USA in 1898 and Morocco in 1906-26

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9
Q

Regionalism

A
  • Catalonia and Basque were leading economies and wanted autonomy
  • Catalonia had textile, coal and iron. Basque had shipbuilding.
  • Central states opposed autonomy, and protests to this turned violent. 1000 died in Barcellona in 1918-21
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10
Q

Economy

A
  1. Backwards agriculture-based economy. Seasonal migratory workers (poverty). Rich v. poor, many turned to anarchism
  2. Needed modernization. Low standard of living. Growth of unions, although no strikes due migration. Unions divided between anarchism and socialism
  3. Boom in economy due to WW1 neutrality. Inflation as gov’t failed to capitalize on war years.
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11
Q

Political divisions

A
  • Libs supported by middle class, PSOE developed in urban areas.
  • Socialist trade union was active. Moderate led by Prieto, radicals by Caballero
  • Small communist party after 1917
  • Anarchists popular in rural areas
  • Extremists carried out assassination and bombings
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12
Q

Primo de Rivera RTP

A

(1923-30)
Defeat in Morocco spurred an investigation into military failings. To avoid this, he established a temporary military dictatorship. Had the support of King Alfonso. Formally ended in 1925, but stayed as PM until 1930.

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13
Q

Successes of Primo de Rivera

A
  • System of arbitration to end conflicts between workers and employers.
  • Period of economic growth due to infrastructure investments (road, dam, irrigation)
  • Period of political stability
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14
Q

Failures of Primo de Rivera

A
  • Economic growth between 1923-29, crash after 1929, loans were needed to fund infrastructure
  • Overvalued Peseta leading to inflation
  • Nationalist upset at failure to expand into Africa and failure to gain a LoN seat
  • Army hostile due to cutting of Artillery Corps.
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15
Q

How is the Second Spanish Republic established in April 1931?

A

de Rivera resigned in 1930 after failing to gain Generals support. King Alfonso appointed Gen. Berenguer. In August Pact of San Sebastian was signed by Republicans and Libs, Socials, Catalonians. King goes into exile an army doesn’t intervene.

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16
Q

Paul Preston quote on the Spanish Second Republic

A

“no one, except a tiny minority … believed that Spain’s problems could be solved only by war”

17
Q

What group ruled in the Spanish Second Republic?

A

Left Republicans (1931-33). Led by Azana who created a new constitution and a program of reforms.

18
Q

Azana’s reforms

A

Economic: Arbitration committees, 1932 Agrarian reform to confiscate and redistribute latifundia
Regional: Catalonia had autonomy in 1932
Social: Religious freedom, civil marriages, divorce, the secularization of education building 7k new schools
Military: Early retirement on full pay, 40% accept, imposed retirement if no volunteers

19
Q

Economic problems with Azana’s reforms

A

Due to the depression, there were no funds for reform. Only 7k families got land b/c the government could not compensate landowners. The government now had to fund education. Didn’t save money as officers had full pay.

20
Q

Political problems with Azana’s reforms

A

CEDA formed in Feb 1933 led by Robles, an authoritarian right wing. Manifesto promotes church, opposed republicans and supported landowners. Monarchist Carlist movement. Socialists disillusioned.

21
Q

Military problems with Azana’s reforms

A

Inflamed army opposition due to forced retirements. Those who refused were more political and nationalistic. A military coup by Gen. Sanjurjo failed in 1932.

22
Q

Social issues with Azana’s reforms

A

Strong opposition from the church. The government failed to manage the expectations of the working class.

23
Q

Robles PSQ

A

“In the political panorama of Europe, I can see only the formation of Marxist and Anti-Marxist groups, this is what is happening in Germany and in Spain also”

24
Q

The rise of the Right Republic

A

Azana lost support due to reforms and resigns triggering an election. Rights main goal was to reverse reforms which polarized Spanish society further

25
Q

The Right Republic’s economic reforms

A
  • Halted land reforms and spending on education
  • Asturias rising called for a strike
  • Financial scandals lea to resignation of Lerroux in 1935, leads to 1936 election
26
Q

The Right Republic’s political reforms

A
  • Overturned Catalonia Small Holdings Act, inflaming regional nationalism
  • Dec 1933, Anarchist uprising in Barcellona, suspends Catalonian autonomy
  • Rivera supporters pardoned, Caballero’s socialists become more radical
  • Fascist Fallange party established 1933 and 1934
  • CEDA included in cabinet
27
Q

The Right Republic social reforms

A

Promoted the church, control over education restored, clergy paid by the state

28
Q

Election of the Popular Front

A

July 1936. Coalition of anti-Fascist groups, Azana returns to lead as Pm and then President to restore reforms. Caballero wouldn’t join or accept reforms.

29
Q

What was the SCW catalyst?

A

Assassination of r-w leader Jose Calvo Sotello on July 13 1936

30
Q

What foreign power had intervened in Spain to restore a regime in the 19th century?

A

France

31
Q

What side was Spain on in WW1?

A

Neither, it was neutral

32
Q

How many governments were there in Spain between 1918-23?

A

12

33
Q

What happened in Spain between 1803-1936?

A

19 military coups, and 3 civil wars.

34
Q

When did PdR resign

A

March 1930

35
Q

When was the Second Republic established?

A

April 1931

IB History - Grade 12 (28 decks)

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