Causes of WWI Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
What were the Great Powers of Europe before WWI?
A
Britain, France, Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary
2
Q
Who ruled Britain? (Monarch vs parliament)
A
Monarch had little real power, Parliament actually ruled Britain
3
Q
What was the size and number of colonies in the British Empire in 1914?
A
27 million square kilometres, 56 colonies
4
Q
What were Britain’s issues?
A
Extreme wealth inequality, majority of people in poverty; lack of unemployment benefits, sick pay, etc.; declining status as global power
5
Q
How was France ruled?
A
A republic, governed by elected president, number of high-ranking army generals also held positions in government
6
Q
How many people lived in the colonies of the French Empire and where?
A
58 million, mainly in West and North Africa and in South East Asia
7
Q
What occurred in 1870 to France?
A
Germany defeated France and took land from it
8
Q
What were France’s major issues?
A
Falling behind Britain and Germany in goods and material production, smaller population than Germany and UK and shrinking
9
Q
The British royal family was directly connected to the rulers of which countries?
A
Russia, Germany, Spain, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Greece, Romania
10
Q
What portion of the world’s population and land area did the British Empire control?
A
Approximately 1 quarter of world population and land area
11
Q
What was the population of Britain and its colonies in 1914?
A
Britain - 41 million, colonies - 400 million
12
Q
What was the size of the British Army in 1914?
A
710,000
13
Q
How many battleships and submarines did Britain have in 1914?
A
122 battleships, 64 submarines
14
Q
How large was Britain’s air force in 1914?
A
110 fighter and bomber planes, 6 airships
15
Q
What was Britain’s annual coal and steel production in 1914?
A
300 million tonnes of coal, 11 million tonnes of steel
16
Q
Which two areas of France did Germany take after the Franco-Prussian War?
A
Alsace and Lorraine
17
Q
By the early 1900s, what percentage of the French population were farmers?
A
Around 40%
18
Q
What was the population of France in 1914?
A
41 million
19
Q
What was the size of the French Army in 1914?
A
1,250,000
20
Q
How many battleships and submarines did France have in 1914?
A
46 battleships, 73 submarines
21
Q
What was the size of the French air force in 1914?
A
132 fighter and bomber planes
22
Q
What was the population of France’s colonies in 1914?
A
58 million
23
Q
What was the size and number of France’s colonies in 1914?
A
11 million square kilometres, 29 colonies
24
Q
How much coal and steel did France produce annually in 1914?
A
40 million tonnes of coal, 5 million tonnes of steel
25
In the three decades before WWI, what happened to Russian oil and coal production?
Oil and coal production tripled
26
What percentage of the Russian population lived in the countryside and earned their living from farming?
Around 85%
27
When did Tsar Nicholas II take power?
1894
28
Who was Tsar Nicholas II's wife?
Alexandra
29
What was the population of Russia in 1914?
159 million
30
What was the size of the Russian Army in 1914?
1,200,000
31
How many battleships and submarines did Russia have in 1914?
26 battleships, 29 submarines
32
What was the size of the Russian air force in 1914?
360 fighter and bomber planes and 16 airships
33
What was Russia's annual coal and steel production in 1914?
36 million tonnes of coal, 4 million tonnes of steel
34
What areas did the Russian Tsar want to take?
Manchuria, Persia and the Balkans
35
When was Germany formed?
1871
36
What happened to German coal production from 1880 to 1910?
Coal production quadroupled
37
What industries grew rapidly in the German Empire?
Steel, chemicals, engineering and armaments
38
When did Wilhelm II become Germany's Kaiser?
1888
39
What was the population of Germany in 1914?
65 million
40
What was the size of Germany's army in 1914?
2,200,000
41
How many battleships and submarines did Germany have in 1914?
85 battleships, 23 submarines
42
What was the size of Germany's air force in 1914?
246 fighter and bomber planes, 11 airships
43
What was the population of Germany's colonies in 1914?
15 million
44
What was the size and number of Germany's colonies in 1914?
2.5 million square kilometres, 10 colonies
45
What was Germany's annual coal and steel production in 1914?
277 million tonnes of coal, 14 million tonnes of steel
46
When war broke out, what colonies did Germany have and where?
Togo, Cameroons, South West Africa, East Africa (Africa), Kiaochow (China), Kaiser Wilhelm Land (New Guinea)
47
When had a union taken place between Austria and Hungary?
1867
48
What were the two largest ethnic groups in Austria-Hungary and how many people were a part of them?
Germans (10 million) and Hungarians (9 million)
49
What ethnic groups were there in Austria-Hungary?
Germans, Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Ukrainians, Slovens, Croats, Serbians, Romanians, Italians
50
When did violence erupt in Prague between Germans and Czechs?
December 1897
51
How many people were killed and wounded when violence erupted in Prague between Germans and Czechs?
10 killed, 200 wounded
52
What was the population of Austria-Hungary in 1914?
50 million
53
What was the size of Austria-Hungary's army in 1914?
810,000
54
How many battleships and submarines did Austria-Hungary have in 1914?
24 battleships, 6 submarines
55
How large was the Austro-Hungarian air force in 1914?
35 fighter and bomber planes, 1 airship
56
What was Austria-Hungary's annual coal and steel production in 1914?
47 million tonnes of coal, 5 million tonnes of steel
57
When did the Three Emperors' League form?
1873
58
Which 3 countries was the Three Emperors' League between?
Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia
59
When was the Dual Alliance formed?
1879
60
Which countries was the Dual Alliance between?
Germany and Austria-Hungary
61
When was the Triple Alliance formed?
1882
62
Which countries was the Triple Alliance between?
Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy
63
When was the Franco-Russian Alliance formed?
1892
64
Which countries was the Franco-Russian Alliance between?
France and Russia
65
When was the Entente Cordiale ("Friendly understanding") formed?
1904
66
Which countries was the Entente Cordiale between?
Britain and France
67
When was the Triple Entente formed?
1907
68
Which countries was the Triple Entente between?
France, Russia and Britain
69
Who was the Sultan of Morocco during the First Moroccan Crisis?
Sultan Abdelaziz
70
When did the First Moroccan Crisis occur?
March 1905 - April 1906
71
When did the Algeciras Conference start?
January 1906
72
When did the Second Moroccan Crisis occur?
1911
73
How many soldiers did France send into Morocco during the Second Moroccan Crisis?
20,000
74
What naval action did Germany take during the Second Moroccan Crisis?
It sent a warship named Panther to the port of Agadir
75
When did the Bosnian Crisis occur?
1908 - 1909
76
What did Austria-Hungary do during the Balkan Crisis (Bosnian Crisis)?
Officially annexed Bosnia
77
When did Italy beat Turkey in the Italo-Turkish War?
1911 - 1912
78
Which nations were part of the Balkan League?
Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria and Montenegro
79
When did the First Balkan War occur?
October 1912 - May 1913
80
How long did the First Balkan War last, and how many soldiers fought in it?
Lasted 50 days, around half a million soldiers fought
81
When did the Second Balkan War occur?
June to August 1913
82
Which nations did Bulgaria fight in the Second Balkan War?
Serbia, Greece, Turkey and Romania
83
What was the two-power standard for Britain?
Britain's navy should be at least equal in size to the combined strength of the next two largest navies in the world
84
When did a British law establish the two-power standardd?
1889
85
How much money did the UK government provide to build more new warships when the two-power standard was established?
£20 million (£1.2 billion today)
86
When did King Edward VII send 4 battleships to the French President while holidaying in the Mediterranean?
1903
87
When did Britain sign an alliance with Japan?
1902
88
What was Britain's "Splendid Isolation"?
A position Britain was in where it was isolated from alliances with other nations
89
When did Britain experience "Splendid Isolation"?
Late 1800s and early 1900s
90
When was Wilhelm II born?
1859
91
When was an interview with Kaiser Wilhelm II published in the London Daily Telegraph?
28th October 1908
92
What was Weltpolitik (world policy)?
A German policy under Kaiser Wilhelm II designed to give Germany a large empire and make it a world power
93
In 1870, how much money did Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia and Italy spend on the military between them?
Over £90 million
94
By 1914, how much money were Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia and Italy spending on the military between them?
£400 million
95
How much did Germany's military spending increase before WWI (percent)?
73 %
96
How much did France's military spending increase before WWI (percent)?
10 %
97
How much did Britain's military spending increase before WWI (percent)?
13 %
98
How much did Russia's military spending increase before WWI (fraction)?
More than a third
99
What did every major European power introduce or increase before WWI except for Britain?
Conscription
100
What was France's plan named for if war broke out?
Plan 17
101
What was Russia's plan named for if war broke out?
Plan 19
102
What was Germany's plan named for if war broke out?
Schlieffen Plan
103
What were Austria-Hungary's plans named for if war broke out?
Plan B and Plan R
104
When did Kaiser Wilhelm II announce he wanted an empire to rival Britain's?
1901
105
When did the British announce the creation a new type of warship called the dreadnought?
1906
106
What was the German version of the dreadnought called?
Rheinland
107
What were the physical features of a British super-dreadnought battleship in 1914?
Ten 34cm guns, sixteen 10cm guns; 20 - 30cm thick armour plating; 3 torpedo tubes, one on each side and another at the stern
108
How many dreadnought-type ships were built by Britain between 1906 and 1914?
29
109
How many dreadnought-type ships were built by Germany between 1906 and 1914?
17
110
What was the group "Union or Death" also known as?
"Black Hand"
111
When was the Black Hand formed and by who?
May 1911 by a group of 10 Serbian army officers
112
What was the Black Hand mainly made of?
Army officers, lawyers, journalists and university professors and students
113
Who was the leader of the Black Hand?
26-year old colonel named Dragutin Dimitrijevic
114
What was Dragutin Dimitrijevic code-named?
Apis
115
When was Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated?
28th June 1914
116
How many members did the Black Hand have?
About 2,500
117
When did "Apis" send a member of the Black Hand to assassinate Austro-Hungarian Emperor Franz Josef?
1911
118
When did Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, arrive in Sarajevo on the day of their assassination?
9:28 am
119
How old was Gavrilo Princip when he assassinated Franz Ferdinand and Ferdinand's wife?
19
120
When did Gavrilo Princip die?
1918
121
When was Archduke Franz Ferdinand born?
1863
122
Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand the eldest son of?
Archduke Charles Louis, brother of Emperor Franz Joseph
123
When did Archduke Franz Ferdinand become heir to the throne?
1896
124
Who did Archduke Franz Ferdinand marry?
Sophie, Countess of Chotek
125
When did Archduke Franz Ferdinand marry?
1900
126
When did Archduke Franz Ferdinand become Inspector General of the Army?
1913
127
Who proposed that Austria-Hungary should declare war on Serbia following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
Conrad von Hötzendorf, leading politician and army general
128
What was the July Crisis?
The international crisis that began with the murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and culminated in the declarations of war by all the great powers
129
Which demand did the King of Serbia refuse Austria-Hungary during the July Crisis?
Demand to allow police from Austria-Hungary into Serbia
130
When did Austria-Hungary declare war on Serbia?
28th July 1914
131
When did Tsar Nicholas II of Russia order the Russian army to mobilise and prepare to go to Serbia's aid?
Wednesday 29th July 1914
132
When did Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany send a message to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, his cousin, to stop mobilising his troops?
Thursday 30th July 1914
133
When did Germany declare war on Russia and France prepare its army for war?
Saturday 1st August 1914
134
When did Germany begin the first part of the Schlieffen Plan and send troops towards the Belgian border, asking for passage through Belgium to France?
Sunday 2nd August 1914
135
When did Germany declare war on France and invade Belgium, the British sending a message to the Germans to call off their invasion of Belgium?
Monday 3rd August 1914
136
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
Tuesday, 11pm, 4th August 1914
137
Why did the German invasion of Belgium bring Britain into WWI?
Britain signed treaty in 1839 promising to protect Belgium if it was invaded
138
When did France declare war on Germany?
Wednesday 5th August 1914
139
When did Austria-Hungary declare war on Russia?
Thursday 6th August 1914
