Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 300A > Causes & Treatment of Mental Illness > Flashcards

Causes & Treatment of Mental Illness Flashcards

1
Q

5 circles in first nations mental wellness (inward to outward)

A

(1) self responsibility; (2) balance; (3) respect, wisdom, responsibility, relationships; (4) land, community, family, nations; (5) social, environmental, cultural, economic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Balance circle in first nations mental wellness

A

pertains to the balance of mental, spiritual, physical, and emotional well-being; differs from western approaches that tend to be secular (disregards spirituality)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do first nations approach their mental wellness circles?

A

(1) looking at wellness across the continuum; (2) cultural and traditional healing; (3) services must be appropriate to one’s needs e.g. family-centered, trauma-informed; (4) integrated services for a person’s whole needs; (5) local nation-based approaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

5 major western paradigms

A

biological, psychoanalytic, humanistic/existential, cognitive, learning/behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Biological paradigm

A

mental illnesses result from dysfunctional biological processes e.g. one’s biochemistry, behavioral genetics, or specific biological insults like concussions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Temperament

A

a genetically encoded characteristic that is expressed through personality and shapes how we interact with the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Big 5 dimensions of temperament

A

OCEAN (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

5 important neurotransmitters

A

norepinephrine (excitatory), gamma aminobutyric acid or GABA (inhibitory), dopamine (motivation and reward), serotonin or 5-HT, glutamate (learning and memory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Serotonin

A

regulates basic functions like mood, appetite, sleep, and impulse control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Classical freudian theory (psychoanalytic paradigm)

A

the structure of the mind comprises the id, ego, and superego

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ID

A

unconscious and most primitive part of personality that satisfies basic urges for pleasure (e.g. food, warmth, sex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ego

A

the part of personality that deals with reality, helps satisfy the demands of the ID, and recognizes what’s needed in the world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Superego

A

the part of personality that acts as a conscience and guides the ego to discern between what’s right and wrong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

8 defense mechanisms (Freud)

A

repression, rationalization, reaction formation, regression, sublimation, projection, denial, displacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

unconscious strategies to protect the ego from distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Repression

A

having an impulse to do something and not giving into it or burying the urge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Denial

A

experiencing a traumatic event and saying that it never happened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Projection

A

accusing another person feeling what you are feeling (e.g. I’m not mad, you’re mad!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Displacement

A

transferring negative feelings from one person or thing to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Rationalization

A

justifying or making excuses for one’s own bad behavior or feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Reaction formation

A

having a negative reaction to someone then unconsciously acting the opposite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Regression

A

going back to an earlier developmental state than your current state due to an unmanageable stressor (e.g. an 18 year old sucking their thumb)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sublimation

A

finding a creative and harmless way of acting on a negative impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

2 primary learning/conditioning processes

A

classical and operant conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

strengthens a response or behavior by introducing a pleasant stimulus afterwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

strengthening a response or behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus (e.g. stopping an alarm clock, procrastinating)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Positive punishment

A

weakening a response or behavior by introducing an unpleasant stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Negative punishment

A

weakening a response or behavior by removing a pleasant stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Classical conditioning

A

forming an association between unrelated elements due to repeated pairing of stimuli; based on the “law of effect”

30
Q

Law of Effect

A

behavior that has pleasant consequences increases that behavior while unpleasant consequences decreases that behavior

31
Q

Mowrer’s two-factor theory

A

(1) classical conditioning: individual responds emotionally to a neutral stimulus; (2) operant conditioning: individual learns to avoid conditioned (previously neutral) stimulus

32
Q

Cognitive paradigm

A

psychological disorders result from cognitive errors as people actively interpret situations, imposing meaning through perception, interpretation, judgement, memory, and reasoning

33
Q

Schema

A

an organized network of accumulated knowledge on how the world works that guides interpretation of events

34
Q

Cognitive explanation of depression

A

a self-fulfilling prophecy due to pessimism (i.e. thinking negatively of oneself leading to isolation and self-deprecation)

35
Q

Cognitive explanation of social anxiety

A

jumping to conclusions without recognizing the facts

36
Q

Humanistic/Existential paradigm

A

the core of human functioning is your inner, subjective experience

37
Q

What does the humanistic/existential paradigm emphasize?

A

searching for meaning in life, using agency and taking responsibility for your choices and attitude, living according to your values, and positive growth

38
Q

Social factors of the development of mental disorders

A

poverty (poor housing, unsafe conditions, disrupted social ties), parental stress (parental depression, family conflict, harsh parenting)

39
Q

Cultural factors of the development of mental disorders

A

prejudice and discrimination on ethnicity/rage, SOGI (sexual orientation and gender identity), mental illness

40
Q

What influences the decision to get treatment depending on culture?

A

the culture’s approach to mental health, immigration stress, limited accessibility of services (e.g. language barrier, lack of knowledge in community)

41
Q

Biopsychosocial model

A

a unified model of understanding psychopathology that includes biological factors, psychological (cognitive/emotional) factors, social and cultural factors

42
Q

Diathesis (diathesis-stress)

A

what makes you more likely to have a disorder; the predisposing cause or underlying vulnerability

43
Q

Stress (diathesis-stress)

A

what causes a disorder; the precipitating cause or triggering circumstances

44
Q

2 types of diathesis-stress models

A

interactive and additive

45
Q

Protective factors

A

influences that modify a person’s response to stressors and help them manage

46
Q

Resilience

A

ability to successfully adapt to very difficult circumstances (or stress) that comes from having protective factors

47
Q

Genes vs Environment

A

genes are the inherited tendencies that create vulnerability for a disorder (most are polygenic) and get activated depending on the kind of environment one’s in (can override genetic influence)

48
Q

What does a combination of low levels of 5-HT and chronic stressors lead to?

A

eating disorders, depression, substance use, aggression

49
Q

Gene-environment correlation

A

an individual’s genotype (e.g. temperament) can shape their environment through their interactions with it and the responses they elicit from it

50
Q

What are the rates of divorce for fraternal vs identical twins?

A

if a fraternal twin is divorced, the other twin has a 2x higher rate of divorce; if an identical twin is divorced, the other twin has a 6x higher rate of divorce

51
Q

What is the underlying premise of treatment?

A

people can change in certain ways

52
Q

3 kinds of biological therapy

A

psychopharmacology or medication (most common), ECT or shock therapy, TMS

53
Q

2 types of psychotherapy

A

evidence-based (Western) and not evidence-based

54
Q

Evidence-based psychotherapy

A

specific studies found that a treatment works to decrease symptoms of a disorder within controlled conditions (treatment group >= comparison or placebo group)

55
Q

Medication for psychosis

A

antipsychotics (to decrease dopamine)

56
Q

Medication for bipolar mood disorders

A

lithium (to increase GABA)

57
Q

Medication for anxiety

A

benzodiazepines (to increase GABA)

58
Q

Medication for depression

A

SSRIs (to increase serotonin)

59
Q

5 types of evidence-based psychotherapy

A

behavioral, cognitive, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, interpersonal therapy

60
Q

Classical (Freudian) psychoanalysis

A

free association, analysis of dreams, transference, resistance

61
Q

Psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy

A

object-relations and attachment

62
Q

Behavioral therapy

A

if you modify behavior, the feelings will follow e.g. exposure therapy, modeling (i.e. being a role model), reinforcement, behavioral activation; works well with anxiety disorders and depression

63
Q

Cognitive therapy

A

thoughts cause feelings and moods, which influences behavior; examines distorted patterns of thinking then changes one’s interpretation

64
Q

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

A

incorporates both thoughts and behaviors (easier to change) in maintaining a disorder and moods; most widely practiced

65
Q

Which disorders does CBT work well with?

A

anxiety, mild-moderate depression, conduct disorder, bulimia

66
Q

3 component model of CBT

A

affect (feelings), behavior, and cognitions each affect each other

67
Q

Humanistic therapy

A

client-centered (patient knows what’s best for them and therapist has to help them make that realization); uses motivational interviewing (active listening and open-ended questions) and gestalt therapy (encouraging self-awareness)

68
Q

Interpersonal therapy (IPT)

A

eclectic (uses multiple paradigms) but structured; uses the therapist-client relationship to address how the client relates to others and change behaviors

69
Q

Which disorders does IPT work with?

A

borderline personality disorder and depression

70
Q

Disadvantages of minoritized groups in psychotherapy

A

they are less studied, use less services, and have little access to mental health professionals of the same cultural background (i.e. a good client-clinician match)

71
Q
A

PSYC 300A (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions