CB2 Cells and Control

Question 1

Anaphase

Answer 1

The stage of mitosis in which the separated chromosomes move away from each other

Question 2

Cytokinesis

Answer 2

When the cytoplasm of the cell is separated as the cell membrane is pinched to divide the cell into two daughter cells

Question 3

Interphase

Answer 3

The stage where the cell prepares itself for the process of cell division by replicating its DNA

Question 4

What’s replicated during interphase?

Answer 4

DNA and any sub-cellular structures (like mitochondria)

Question 5

Metaphase

Answer 5

The stage of mitosis where the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Question 6

Mitosis

Answer 6

The process of cells dividing to produce two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent

Question 7

Prophase

Answer 7

The stage of mitosis in which the nucleus starts to break down and spindle fibers appear

Question 8

Spindle fibre

Answer 8

Filament formed in a cell during mitosis, which helps to separate chromosomes

Question 9

Telophase

Answer 9

The stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and the nucleus and membrane reforms

Question 10

Name the three stages of the cell cycle

Answer 10

Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis

Question 11

Name the stages of mitosis

Answer 11

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase

Question 12

During which stage of mitosis do the spindle fibres form in the cell?

Answer 12

Prophase

Question 13

During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?

Answer 13

Metaphase

Question 14

During which stage of mitosis are the chromosomes pulled apart?

Answer 14

Anaphase

Question 15

During which stage of mitosis do the nuclei start to reform?

Answer 15

Telophase

Question 16

How many chromosomes does a diploid human body cell contain?

Answer 16

46

Question 17

Which human body cells are haploid?

Answer 17

Gametes - the egg cell and the sperm cell

Question 18

How many chromosomes are in a haploid cell?

Answer 18

23

Question 19

How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis?

Answer 19

Two

Question 20

What does it mean if a child is on the 95th percentile for weight?

Answer 20

95% of children that age will be the same weight or lower, and 5% will be heavier

Question 21

What does it mean if a child is on the 75th percentile for height?

Answer 21

75% of children that age will be the same height or shorter, and 25% will be taller

Question 22

What is the function of a root hair cell?

Answer 22

Absorbs water and minerals from the soil

Question 23

Where might you find a root hair cell?

Answer 23

In the roots of a plant

Question 24

Where might you find a Xylem cell?

Answer 24

Throughout a plant

Question 25

What’s the function of a Xylem?

Answer 25

To transport water and minerals around the plant. The flow is uni-directional (one way)

Question 26

Where might you find a Phloem cell?

Answer 26

Throughout a plant

Question 27

What’s the function of a Phloem?

Answer 27

They transport amino acids and sucrose around the plant. The flow is bi-directional (two ways)

Question 28

Where might you find a Palisade cell?

Answer 28

On the top of a leaf so it can absorb as much light as possible

Question 29

What’s the function of a Palisade cell?

Answer 29

It’s where photosynthesis takes place

Question 30

Describe the structure of a Root Hair cell

Answer 30

Doesn’t have chloroplasts because they’re not needed (cells are underground - no light). Has a large surface area to increase absorption

Question 31

Describe the structure of a Xylem cell

Answer 31

Doesn’t have cytoplasm, and has tough walls made of lignin

Question 32

Describe the structure of Phloem cells

Answer 32

Between each cell is a perforated end-wall They contain cytoplasm

Question 33

Describe the structure of a Palisade cell

Answer 33

Packed with chloroplasts to increase photosynthesis Arranged next to each other tightly to absorb more light

Question 34

Name the part of a shoot root or tip where cell division occurs

Answer 34

Meristems

Question 35

Name the process that results in cells becoming different to each other

Answer 35

Cell differentiation

Question 36

Stem cell

Answer 36

An unspecialised cell that produces different types of specialised cell

Question 37

In which parts of a plant can you find stem cells?

Answer 37

In the meristems

Question 38

Name one animal tissue that contains stem cells

Answer 38

Eyes

Question 39

What is the function of stem cells in a young organism?

Answer 39

Growth and Reproduction

Question 40

What is the function of stem cells in a fully grown organism?

Answer 40

Repair and Replacement

Question 41

How are Embryonic stem cells different to adult stem cells?

Answer 41

Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any type of specialised cell (are totipotent), but adult stem cells can’t.

Question 42

How could treatment with stem cells cause cancer?

Answer 42

If the stem cells carry on and divide uncontrollably it could build to a tumour and cause cancer

Question 43

Explain what it means if a patients immune system ‘rejects’ stem cells

Answer 43

Stem cell rejection is where a patient’s immune system recognises the stem cells as “external” or “not belonging” to the body, and starts to attack them.