CB7 Menstrual Cycle

Question 2

What is the menstrual cycle?

Answer 2

A cycle of changes in the female reproductive system resulting in the release of an egg and the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy.

Question 3

How long is the average menstrual cycle?

Answer 3

28 days

Question 4

What happens during days 1-5 of the average menstrual cycle?

Answer 4

Menstruation

Question 5

What is menstruation?

Answer 5

Loss of the thickened uterus lining and unfertilised egg during a “period”.

Question 6

What happens on day 14 of the average menstrual cycle?

Answer 6

Ovulation

Question 7

What is ovulation?

Answer 7

The release of an egg cell from an ovary.

Question 8

What is the function of the hormone FSH?

Answer 8

Stimulates the growth and maturation of an egg follicle.

Question 9

What is the function of the hormone LH?

Answer 9

Stimulates ovulation (the release of the egg from the egg follicle).

Question 10

What is an egg follicle?

Answer 10

Fluid filled sac containing an egg cell.

Question 11

What is the target organ of FSH and LH?

Answer 11

Ovaries

Question 12

What gland secretes the hormones FSH and LH?

Answer 12

Pituitary

Question 13

What gland secretes the hormones oestrogen and progesterone?

Answer 13

Ovaries

Question 14

What structure within the ovary secretes the hormone oestrogen?

Answer 14

Egg follicle

Question 15

What structure within the ovary secretes the hormone progesterone?

Answer 15

Corpus luteum

Question 16

What is the corpus luteum?

Answer 16

The remains of the egg follicle following ovulation.

Question 17

What are the 2 target organs of oestrogen and progesterone?

Answer 17

Uterus, pituitary gland

Question 18

What is the effect on the uterus lining of an increasing concentration of oestrogen?

Answer 18

Thickening of uterus lining.

Question 19

What is the effect on the uterus lining of an increasing concentration of progesterone?

Answer 19

Maintaining of uterus lining.

Question 20

What is the effect on the uterus lining of a decreasing concentration of oestrogen and progesterone?

Answer 20

Menstruation

Question 21

What hormone stimulates the secretion of oestrogen?

Answer 21

FSH

Question 22

What hormone stimulates the secretion of LH?

Answer 22

Oestrogen

Question 23

What hormones inhibit the secretion of FSH?

Answer 23

Oestrogen, progesterone

Question 24

What hormone inhibits the secretion of LH?

Answer 24

Progesterone

Question 25

What is fertilisation?

Answer 25

The fusing of the sperm and egg nuclei forming a zygote.

Question 26

Where does fertilisation take place?

Answer 26

Oviduct

Question 27

What is contraception?

Answer 27

Methods that prevent pregnancy occurring by preventing fertilisation.

Question 28

What are 3 examples of barrier contraceptives?

Answer 28

Male condom, diaphragm / cap, female condom

Question 29

What are 3 examples of hormonal contraceptives?

Answer 29

Combined / progesterone-only pill, implant, IUS

Question 30

What 2 hormones do hormonal contraceptives contain?

Answer 30

Oestrogen, progesterone

Question 31

What is Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)?

Answer 31

The use of hormones and other techniques to increase the chance of pregnancy.

Question 32

What are 2 examples of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)?

Answer 32

Clomifene therapy, in vitro fertilisation (IVF)

Question 33

What is the effect on the menstrual hormones of clomifene therapy?

Answer 33

Increases the concentration of FSH and LH.

Question 34

What 2 menstrual hormones are used in in vitro fertilisation (IVF)?

Answer 34

FSH, LH