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Clin Med Lab > CBC > Flashcards

CBC Flashcards

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1
Q

newborns tend to have higher or lower WBC compared to adults

A

higher

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2
Q

elevated neutrophils differential diagnosis

A
  • bacterial infection
  • leukemia
  • inflammation (RA)
  • medications
    • steriods, epinephrine
  • stress
  • cigarette smoking
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3
Q

polymorphonuclear cell

A
  • granulocytes
    • neutrophils
    • eosinophils
    • basophils
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4
Q

eosinophils are elevated with what conditions

A
  • allergic reaction
  • parasitic infection
  • Neoplasm (includes leukemia)
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5
Q

basophils are elevated with what conditions

A
  • myeloproliferative disease
  • leukemia (CML)
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6
Q

name the nongranuloctyes

A
  • Lymphocytes
    • T cells and B cells
  • monocytes
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7
Q

elevated lymphocytes differential diagnosis

A
  • acute viral infections
  • lymphocytic leukemia
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8
Q

common myeloid progenitor cell line form what cells

A
  • eosinophil
  • basophil
  • neutrophil
  • monocyte
  • megakaryocyte -> platelets
  • RBC
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9
Q

vocab for high and low neutrophils

A
  • neutrophilia and neutropenia
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10
Q

vocab for high and low lymphocytes

A
  • lymphocytosis and lymphocytopenia
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11
Q

vocab for high and low monocytes

A
  • monocytosis and monocytopenia
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12
Q

vocab for high and low eosinophils and basophils

A
  • eosinophilia and eosinopenia
  • basophilia and basopenia
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13
Q

common causes of leukocytosis

A
  • bacterial infection
  • inflammation
  • neoplasm
  • steroid use
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14
Q

common causes of leukopenia

A
  • overwhelming bacterial infection
  • bone marrow failure
  • drug toxicity
  • autoimmune disease
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15
Q

what is a “Left shift”

A
  • typical response to acute bacterial infection
    • leukocytosis
    • neutrophilia
    • bands (baby neutrophils)
      • bands enter circulation when neutrophil production is highly stimulated
    • often see lymphocytopenia
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16
Q

metamyelocytes

A

the development of early neutophilic cells

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17
Q

neutropenia differential diagnosis

A
  • viral infection
  • aplastic anemia (no cell line being produced)
  • overwhelming bacteria infection (esp. elderly)
  • drugs
    • chemo
    • sulfa, antithyroid meds, phenothiazines
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18
Q

atypical lymphocytes are present in what condition

A

mononucleosis

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19
Q

lymphocytopenia differential diagnosis

A
  • corticosteroids
  • immunodeficiency disease
    • late stage HIV
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20
Q

Eosinopenia differential diagnosis

A
  • corticosteroids
  • acute stress or inflammatory conditions
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21
Q

Monocytosis differential diagnosis

A
  • chronic inflammatory disorders
    • ulcerative colitis
    • collagen vascular diseases
  • viral infections
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22
Q

Monocytopenia differential diagnosis

A

corticosteroid therapy

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23
Q

basopenia differential diagnosis

Study These Flashcards
A
  • acute allergic reactions: basophils move out of circulation and into the tissue
  • hyperthyroidism
  • stress reactions
24
Q

if WBC count is abnormal and clinical picture is benign, think what

25
pregnant women have what leukocyte count
elevated WBC
26
RBC life span
120 days, at the end, RBC is extracted by the spleen
27
hematocrit
measure of the percentage of the total blood volume that is made up by RBC * Hct is approximately 3 times that of the Hgb concentration
28
polycythemia
high percentage of RBC
29
increased RBC count differential diagnosis
* dehydration * COPD * polycythemia vera
30
decreased RBC count differential diagnosis
* anemia * bleeding/ Fe deficiency * B12, folate deficiency * hemolytic anemia * cirrhosis * pregnancy * bone marrow failure
31
conditions that cause a reduced production of RBCs
* B12, folate, iron deficiency, bone marrow failure * renal failure (decreased erythropoietin)
32
MCV
measure of average RBC size * microcytic * normocytic * macrocytic
33
MCH
weight of Hgb in RBC
34
MCHC
Hgb concentration * hypochromic, normochromic, hyperchromic
35
RDW
measure of variation in RBC size * indicates degree of anisocytosis
36
anisocytosis
condition characterized by RBCs of variable and abnormal size
37
What hemoglobin levels would you consider transfusion
* Hgb \< 8 g/dl * eldery person with CAD: Hgb \< 10 g/dl
38
Microcytic anemia (decreased MCV) differential diagnosis
* iron deficiency * lead poisoning * thalassemia
39
thalassemia
hereditary disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of globin chains
40
peripheral smear of thalassemia minor
target cells
41
condition in which RBCs will be small (dec MCV) but total RBC count may be normal or elevated
thalassemia * microcytosis out of proportion to degree of anemia
42
method used to diagnose thalassemia
hemoglobin electrophoresis
43
macrocytic anemia differential diagnosis (inc MCV)
* Vitamin B12 deficiency * folate deficiency
44
normocytic anemia differential diagnosis
* anemia of chronic disease * renal failure * acute blood loss
45
polycythemia is associated with what conditions
* increased Hgb/Hct levels * dehydration * polycythemia vera * smoking and COPD * high altitude
46
relative vs absolute polycythemia
* relative: artifact of concentration * due to decreased plasma volume: dehydration * absolute: true increase in RBC mass * polycythemia vera * secondary polycythemia
47
secondary polycythemia
* due to increased erythropoetin production * tissue hypoxia is a major cause * COPD and living at high altitude
48
polycythemia vera
* bone marrow disorder characterized by overproduction of erythroid cells
49
CBC findings in polycythemia vera
* elevated Hgb/Hct * increased red blood cell mass * leukocytosis * thrombocytosis
50
clinical presentation * HA, dizziness, tinnitus, blurred vision * fatigue * pruritus following warm shower or bath * PE * engorged retinal veins * thrombosis * splenomegaly
polycythemia vera
51
treatment of polycythemia vera
phlebotomy: taking blood out usually a liter at a time
52
what can happen if platelet count falls below \<20,000
patient may bleed spontaneously
53
thrombocytosis differential diagnosis
* **malignancy** * polycythemia vera * post splenectomy
54
thrombocytopenia differential diagnosis
* idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura * thrombocytic thrombocytopenic purpura * leukemia * cirrhosis * DIC * hemolytic anemia
55
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
* autoimmune: develops antibodies against own platelets
56
clinical presentation * mucosal and skin bleeding * possible antecedent viral infection * petechiae, purpura, epistaxis, menorrhagia * platelet count low * other blood counts and peripheral smear normal
idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
57
treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
* usually self limited in children * adults: corticosteroids * if unresponsive: splenectomy

Clin Med Lab (6 decks)

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