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Pathology > CBC and the Blood Film > Flashcards

CBC and the Blood Film Flashcards

1
Q

which is the recommended anticoagulant used in blood collection?

A

K2EDTA

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2
Q

from where can blood be taken?

A
  • venous
  • arterial
  • capillary
  • cord blood
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3
Q

what are the white cell parameters investigated in a CBC?

A
  • total white count
  • neutrophils
  • basophils
  • eosinophils
  • lymphocytes
  • monocytes
  • [immature granulocytes]
  • [blasts]
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4
Q

what are the red cell parameters investigated in a CBC?

A
  • haemoglobin
  • haematocrit
  • red cell count
  • mean cell volume
  • mean cell haemoglobin
  • mean cell haemoglobin concentration
  • red cell distribution width
  • [reticulocytes]
  • [nucleated red blood cells]
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5
Q

what are the platelet parameters investigated in a CBC?

A
  • platelet count

- mean platelet volume

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6
Q

which are the primary measurements in a CBC?

A
  • Hb
  • haemocrit
  • red blood cell count
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7
Q

which are the derived measurements in a CBC?

A
  • MCV
  • MCH
  • MCHC
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8
Q

what does a flow cytometry?

A

diagnoses haematological malignancy

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9
Q

how is the haemoglobin count obtained in a CBC?

A

red cells are lysd by specific reagents which also bind haemoglobin

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10
Q

how is the haemoglobin concentration obtained?

A

measuring the light absorption or a specific wavelength

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11
Q

how is the RCC obtained?

A

a stream of cells are directed into a sensing zone where, when sensed, they generate an electrical impulse, which can be quantified

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12
Q

how is the MCV obtained?

A

calculated from the height of the impulse obtained in the RCC

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13
Q

haematocrit is the product of which two values?

A
  • RCC

- MCV

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14
Q

how do you get the reticulocyte count?

A

flourescence penetrates the cells and detects the RNA, which ultimately, contributes to the overall intensity of the flourescence signal, which is proportionate to the nucleic acid content

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15
Q

how is the WCC and differential given?

A

the same away as the reticulocyte count

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16
Q

which are the abnormalities that can be found in a CBC?

A
  • leukocytosis
  • leukopenia
  • anaemia
  • polycythaemia
  • reticulocytosis
  • thrombocytosis
  • thrombocytopenia
17
Q

what are the steps of a blood film preparation?

A
  • spreading
  • drying and fixation
  • staining
18
Q

which types of dye can be used?

A
  • acidic dye
  • basic dye
  • MGG (mixture of an acidic and basic dye)
19
Q

what should you check for in a macroscopic blood film examination?

A
  • background staining

- cold agglutination

20
Q

what should the red blood cells look like in a blood film?

A
  • biconcave

- central area of pallor

21
Q

which type of white blood cells are not usually found in a blood film?

A
  • eosinophil

- basophil

22
Q

how can a red blood cell be abnormal?

A
  • size
  • shape
  • colour (haemoglobinisation)
  • abnormal add-ons
23
Q

how can the size of the red cell be abnormal?

A
  • microocytosis
  • macrocytosis
  • anisocytosis
24
Q

how can the shape of the red cell be abnormal?

A
  • poikilocytosis
25
Q

how can the colour of the red cell be normal?

A
  • hypochromasia
  • polychromasia
  • anisochromasia
26
Q

what abnormal inclusions can be found in the blood film?

A
  • howell-jolly bodies
  • basophilic stippling and pappenheimer bodies
  • parasites
27
Q

causes of microcytosis, hypochromasia

A
  • iron deficiency
  • thalassemia
  • late anaemia of chronic disease
28
Q

causes of macrocytosis

A
  • B12 and folate deficiencies
  • hypothyroidism
  • liver failure
  • myelodysplasia
  • drugs
29
Q

when do target cells appear?

A
  • thalassemia
  • haemoglobinopathies
  • iron deficiency
  • liver disease
30
Q

causes of spherocytosis

A
  • hereditary spherocytosis

- immune haemolysis

31
Q

causes of tear drop poikilocytes

A
  • myelofibrosis

- bone marrow infiltration

32
Q

causes of fragments in the blood film

A
  • microangiopathic haemolysis

- TTP, HUS, DIC etc

33
Q

what shape of red cell is characterised in B12/folate-deficiency anaemia?

A

oval

34
Q

causes of a high MCV

A
  • haemolytic anaemia

- cells getting stuck together

Pathology (21 decks)

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