CBC/ leukogram signs- exam 1 Flashcards
(40 cards)
1
Q
Anemia of Inflammatory Disease
A
- mild/moderate anemia
- decreased serum iron
- increased storage iron
- inflammatory leukogram
2
Q
Vitamin K deficiency
A
- prolonged PT & PTT
- normal PLT
- anemia (regenerative)
- hypovolemia
- dyspnea
- lameness
- neuro signs
- death
- normal MPV
3
Q
Hemophilia A
A
- factor VIII deficiency
- young puppy
- PLT and bleeding times are normal
- PT normal
- PTT and ACT prolonged
4
Q
Hemophilia B
A
- factor IX deficiency
- bleeding
5
Q
Factor XII deficiency
A
- cats
- no bleeding
6
Q
Endocrinopathy related anemia
A
- hypothyroidism and hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s)
- mild anemia
- neutrophilia
7
Q
Platelet destruction
A
- ex: IMTP
- decreased PLT
- PT/PTT normal
- increased megakaryocytes in bone marrow
8
Q
Von Willebrand’s disease
A
- normal platelets
- increased buccal mucosal bleeding time
- PT/PTT normal
- decreased bleeding
9
Q
Intrinsic pathway
A
- PTT
- XI, XII, IX, VIII
10
Q
Common pathway
A
-X, V
11
Q
Extrinsic Pathway
A
-7, PT
12
Q
Dehydration
A
-PCV and TP proportionally increased
13
Q
Blood loss
A
- PCV and TP proportionally decreased
- acute= decrease protein with PCV
- chronic
14
Q
Blood destruction
A
- slow onset= less severe
- extra and intravascular hemolysis
- IMHA, Heinz body anemia, RBC parasites, hypophosphatemia, thermal injury, zinc toxicosis, inherited RBC enzyme deficiencies, diabetes mellitus in cats, bacteria, enzyme deficiences
15
Q
Spherocytosis
A
- mismatched blood transfusion
- rattle snake envenomation
- zinc toxicosis
- bee stings
- IMHA
16
Q
Methemoglobinemia
A
- acetominophen toxicosis in cats
- nitrate poisoning in cows
- Red maple leaf ingestion in horses
- iron can’t carry the oxygen–> blood turns brown
17
Q
Copper toxicosis
A
- sheep
- hemolytic anemia
- hemoglobinemia/hemoglobinuria
- Heinz body formation
18
Q
Non-regenerative anemia
A
- usually normocytic
- think bone marrow damage
- inflammatory leukogram
- TP normal
- caused by: erythroid hypoplasia intrinsic/ extrinsic, erythroid aplasia, renal disease
19
Q
Regenerative anemia
A
- macrocytic RBC
- increased reticulocytes
- basophilic stippling (normal in large animal)
- with a lot of basophilic stippling–> think lead poisioning
- Howell Jolly bodies
- decreased M:E ratio
20
Q
Iron deficiency anemia
A
- microcytic RBC (although generally regenerative)
- hypochromasia
- schistocytes
- thrombocytosis
- increase in reticulocytes
- usually increased RDW- anisocytosis
- MCHC often normal
- decreased iron, decreased transferrin saturation, decreased storage iron, decreased serum iron
21
Q
Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia
A
- spherocytes
- agglutination
- inflammatory leukogram
- may be azotemic
- neutrophilia with left shift
- usually regenerative
- increased polychromasia
- some Howell-Jolly bodies
- signalment- drugs, cocker spaniels
22
Q
Heinz body anemia
A
- eccentrocytes
- causes: oxidatively denatured hemoglobin
- cats: acetominophen, propylene glycol, illness- lymphoma, hyperthyroidism, diabeetus
- all: onions, garlic, zinc toxicosis
- dogs: cephalosporins, naphthalene (moth balls)
- horses- phenothiazine, WILTED red maple leaves
- cattle- kale
- sheep- copper toxicosis
23
Q
Hemangiosarcoma (dogs) hepatic lipidosis (cats)
A
-acanthocytes
24
Q
Intravascular trauma
A
- DIC, vascular tumors
- schistocytes
- thrombocytopenia
- increased FDPs and D-Dimers
- prolonged PT and PTT
- decreased fibrinogen
- decreased antithrombin
- hemorrhagic anemia
25
inflammation
- increased production of neutrophils
- segs 2x normal upper limit
- early release from the marrow (increased neutrophils)
- monocytosis
- bands
- left shift
26
Excitement (epinephrine)
- 2x leukocyte concenration
- more common in felines
- no left shift
- thrombocytosis
27
stress and corticosteroids
- lymphopenia
- neutrophilia (can be 2x upper limit)
- eosinopenia
- no left shift
- monocytosis
28
Ehrlichiosis
- lymphocytosis
| - large granular lymphocytes
29
Howell-Jolly bodies
- regenerative anemia
- non-functional spleen/splenectomized
- increased corticosteroids
- lead poisioning if out of proportion to degree of anemia
30
Thrombocytopenia
- less then 30,000 PLT, at risk for spontaneous hemorrhage
- mucosal bleeding, petechiation, ecchymosis
- increased megakaryocyte size
- causes:decreased production, destruction, sequestration, loss/hemorrhage, consumption
31
Immune mediated thrombocytopenia
- primary hemostasis- yes
- secondary hemostasis- no
- bleeding pattern- mucosal petechiation to ecchymosis
- PLT- decreased
- PT and PTT normal
32
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- no primary hemostasis
- yes secondary hemostasis
- mucosal bleeding, hemorrhage
- decreased PLT
- prolonged PT and PTT
- increased FDP and D-dimers
- schistocytes
33
Vitamin K deficiency
- primary hemostasis- yes
- secondary hemostasis- no
- regenerative anemia/ hypovolemia
- normal PLT
- prolonged PT and PTT
34
Echinocytes
- crenation
- electrolyte imbalances
- non-specific diseases
- rattle snake evenomation
35
Polychromasia
- blood loss
- blood destruction
- recoving marrow
36
Acanthocytes
- cats with hepatic lipidosis
| - dogs with HAS
37
Schistocytes
- intravascular trauma (DIC, vascular tumors)
| - iron deficiency anemia
38
Keratocytes
-iron deficiency anemia
39
Spehrocytes
-IMHA
40
Eccentrocytes
heinz body anemia
