CBC Review Flashcards
(40 cards)
1
Q
Erythrocytosis
A
- Relative - hemoconcentration
- Absolute
- Primary: polycythemia Vera
- Secondary: hypoxia, cardio/pulm disease, hyperthyroid, high altitude, renal cyst/neoplasia, EPO prod neoplasia - Redistribution - splenic contraction
- Breed - greyhound, daschund, chihuahua
- Artifact - poorly mixed
2
Q
RBC regeneration
A
3-5 days minimum; may take 5-7 with comorbitities
3
Q
Reticulocytosis without anemia
A
hypoxic? other secondary causes?
reference interval
drugs - NSAIDs, immunosuppressives
supplements - zn, glucosamine
exercise related
4
Q
Macrocytic
A
regeneration poodles hyperthyroid Cats with FeLV Marrow Disease Artifact - transit, agglutination Hyperosmolar patient
5
Q
microcytic
A
iron deficiency inflammation liver disease (shunt) shiba inu/akita hypoosmolar underfilled edta tube
6
Q
Hyperchromic
A
Artifact only
7
Q
hypochromic
A
regeneration fe deficiency inflammation liver disease (shunt) (macrocytic due to hyperosmolar blood or prolonged storage/swelling in transit)
8
Q
Calculated vs. Measured Hb
A
MCHC = calculated (lyses cells and divides Hb/# cells) CHCM = measured (directly measure Hb in red cells with laser)
9
Q
MCHC and CHCM don’t match?
A
MCHC artifactually increased due to lipemia/hemolysis.
Trust CHCM more!
10
Q
Nonregenerative Anemia
A
- Decreased erythropoeisis
- inflammmation, CKD, Endocrine diseases, marrow failure - Ineffective erythropoiesis
- PIMA, Fe deficiency, Pb toxicity, EPO neoplasia, myelodysplastic syndromes, macrocytic anemias
11
Q
Regenerative Anemia
A
hemorrhage Hemolytic - parasite - IMHA - Heinz body - fragmentation - RBC metabolic defects (Zn, dec. Phosphate, envenomation, congenital disorder)
12
Q
Thrombocytosis
A
- Secondary (inflammation, Fe deficiency, hypercortisol, Vincristine, exercise/epinephrine, post-splenectomy, marrow disease)
- artifact (fragment, ghosts, lipemia)
- Neoplastic - essential thrombocythemia
13
Q
Increased MPV
A
regeneration
KCKS, Norfolk/Cairn Terrier
Artifact
14
Q
thrombocytopenia
A
- consumption (DIC)
- Destruction (immune mediated)
- Decreased production (marrow)
- severe hemorrhage
- sequestration (splenomegaly, hypothermia)
- Envenomation
- dilution
Artifact (clotted)
Breed (greyhound, whippet, KCKS, Norfolk)
15
Q
Neutropenia
A
- shift to marginating pool (due to acute endotoxemia, hypothermia)
- Marrow Diseases (trapped neutrophil syndrome, drug/toxin/virus, cytokine deficiency, severe inflammation, immune mediated destruction, cobalamin deficiency
16
Q
Neutrophilia
A
- shift to circulating (corticosteroids, epinephrine)
- release from storage and delayed death (steroids, inflammation)
- leukocyte adhesion deficiency
17
Q
lymphocytosis
A
- physiologic leukogram (epinephrine)
- young animal
- antigenic stimulation (e.canis, FeLV/FIV, mycoplasma) or immune-mediated anemia in cats
- hypoadrenocorticism
- hyperthyroidism
- paraneoplastic (to thymoma)
- lymphocytic leukemia or stage 5 lymphoma
18
Q
lymphopenia
A
- stress leukogram
- acute infection
- loss of lymph (chylous effusion, lymphangiectasia)
- lymphocytolysis (steroids, viral infection)
- immunodeficiencies
19
Q
eosinophilia
A
allergy/hypersensitivity parsites hypoadrenocorticism paraneoplastic (worms, wheezes, weird diseases)
20
Q
monocytosis
A
stress, inflam, monocytic leukemia
21
Q
basophilia
A
machines can’t even count them accurately
22
Q
physiologic/excitement leukogram
A
mature neutrophilia
lymphocytosis
+/- eos, baso
23
Q
stress leukogram
A
neutrophilia lymphopenia monocytosis eosinopenia (SMILED)
24
Q
inflammatory leukogram
A
- Neutrophilia (may be with left shift and toxicity)
- monocytosis
- may be lymphopenia
- eosinopenia
(regenerative immature neuts DON’T outnumber segs, but in degenerative they do)
25
granulocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
26
Echinocytes
(regular spikes)
storage
envenomation
27
codocytes
(target cells)
probably artifact
may be hypothyroid
28
stomatocytes
(central pallor is rectangular)
29
acanthocyte
```
(irregular spicules)
fragmentation
lipid disorders
hemangiosarcoma
Fe deficiency
```
30
Fragmentary change
pre/keratocyte
acanthocytes
schistocytes (ripped)
31
oxidative damage
- eccentrocyte, pyknocyte(weird membranes) , keratocyte
- methemoglobinemia
- heinz bodies
32
Cats
normally have up to 10% heinz bodies because they have more SH groups and a non-sinusoidal spleen
33
heinz bodies
oxidative damage
| secondary without hemolysis (hyperthyroid, DM, lymphoma)
34
average platelets
5 platelets in a high power(100x) field
| 75-100,000/uL
35
When do you need to correct an analyzers leukocyte count?
if theres greater than 5 nRBC per 100 WBC
36
Bands, basophilia, and dohle bodies indicate
toxic neutrophils
37
hypersegmented
5 or more lobes. hung in circulation too long/right shifted.
- steroids, cushings, chronic inflammation
- prolonged storage
- heat stroke, adderall toxicity
38
causes of toxic neutrophils
inflammation
infectious disease
endo/exogenous toxins
39
ghosts
IV hemolysis
- oxidants, envenomation, infectious agents
- artifact (difficult draw, prolonged storage)
40
spherocytes
```
fragmentation/microangiopathy
Zn toxicity
hypophosphatemia (dec. ATP -> can't hold shape -> discocyte -> spherocyte)
envenomation
blood transfusion
burns
inherited disorder
artifact (looking at a thin area of the smear)
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