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CBIS Flashcards

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1
Q

Acquired Brain Injury

A

not hereditary, congenital, degenerative, or induced by birth trauma

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2
Q

Non Traumatic Brain Injury

A

Traumatic Inertial
a. Anoxia
b. Infections
c. Strokes
d. Tumors
e. Metabolic Disorders

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3
Q

TBI

A

caused by an external force

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4
Q

Leading cause of TBI

A

falls

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5
Q

Leading cause of TBI related death

A

MVC

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6
Q

Mild TBI

A

GCS=13-16

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7
Q

Moderate TBI

A

GCS=9-12

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8
Q

Severe TBI

A

LOS 24 hours or greater
CGS-under 8

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9
Q

Persistent Post Concussive Symptoms

A

symptoms of a concussion lasting for weeks or months

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10
Q

Most important factor in the impact of brain injury

A

age

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11
Q

How many TBI occur a year?

A

2.5 million

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12
Q

Acute Care

A

ICU, ED

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13
Q

Post Acute

A

Inpatient rehab

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14
Q

Long Term

A

Residential/Community Care

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15
Q

Rehab Act of 1973

A

Return to work programs

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16
Q

TBI Model Systems of 1987

A

Longintudial Research

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17
Q

TBI Act of 1996

A

providing funding for extended research

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18
Q

Olmstead Decision of 1999

A

Integration into community for inidivudals with disabilities

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19
Q

How likely is someone with a TBI to die from a seizure disorder?

A

37

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20
Q

Second Impact Syndrome

A

Second impact syndrome: occurs when an athlete or individual sustains an initial concussion And then sustains a second head injury before symptoms from the first have fully resolved; it can occur minutes days or weeks after the initial concussion

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21
Q

CTE

A

Also known as dementia pugilistica, CTE refers to a condition, diagnosed after death, relative to multiple concussions caused by significant force. A progressive degenerative disease, CTE is most often sustained by athletes participating in contact sports, where it is sometimes termed punch drunk. May also be observed in domestic violence victims or abused children who have sustained numerous blows to the head

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22
Q

Meninges

A

Pia Mater
Arachnid
Dura Mater

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23
Q

Brainstem

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

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24
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thirst and Hunger

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25
Diencephalon contains
Thalamus and Hypothalamus
26
Limbic system contains
Hippocampus, Amygdala
27
Cerebellum is responsible for..
balance
28
Hippocampus is responsible for..
LTM
29
Lobes
frontal, temporal, occipital, parietal
30
Frontal
Executive functioning
31
Pre frontal cortex
working memory
32
Temporal
Sensory processing, language, long term memory
33
temporal lobe contains the..
hypothalamus
34
Occipital
vision
35
Parietal
Primary Sensory and Somoatosensory
36
Synaptogenesis
formation of synapses
37
Aspiration pneumonia
fluid in the lungs that causes pneumonia from swallowing food
38
o Contractures
abnormal, permanent condition of joints by decreased range of motion
39
o Hyperreflexia
involuntary increase in muscle tone and exaggerated deep tendon reflexes
40
o Spasticity
41
o Heterotrophic Ossification:
formation of new bone around joints as a consequence of trauma or immobility
42
Swallowing complications are relevant in serve tbi in
90 percent, 63 in oral, 73 in pharyngeal
43
Dysphagia
swallowing problems
44
how many people have changed in libido after tbi?
40-60 percent
45
Who is most vulnerable to pressure sores?
Those who are physically dependent on others
46
Headache Assessment
COLDER: assessment for headache Character (sensation & intensity) Onset (timing) Location (where does it start, radiate?) Duration Exacerbation Relief
47
how many people experience fatigue
30-70 percent
48
Why are there not any objective measures of fatigue?
subjective
49
Disorders of consciousness
coma, vegetative, minimally conscious
50
Cognition
how thoughts influence behavior
51
o Metacognition
thinking about thinking
52
Anosognosia
Diminished self-awareness and failure to recognize of ones disability
53
Sustained Attention
ability to maintain attention and complete task over a period of time
54
Explicit Memory
sematic/episodic
55
Implicit Memory
procedural
56
Compensatory Rehab
Never recover full function and uses strategy training to adapt
57
Restorative Rehab
uses repeated exposure and repetition for cognitive training and neuroplasticity
58
Functional Training
real world improvements in daily functioning
59
o Coma-emergent agitation:
Environmental Management: Reduce noise and other stimuli, limit visitors, eliminate tv, incorporate familiar objects, provide safety, same staff, routines, orientation, redirection, movement,
60
Frequency
times behavior occurs
61
Rate
count per unit
62
Duration
how long
63
Latency
time between stimulus and behavior
64
positive reinforcement
stimulus added to increase behavior
65
negative reinforcement
removing stimulus to increase behavior
66
Intermittent Reinforcement
sometimes provides reinforcement (slot machine)
67
most common psychological symptoms
depression
68
Prevalence of substance use
20 percent alcohol 10 percent drugs
69
Age of most brain maturation
0-5
70
how many people with shaken baby syndrome have long term disabilities
70-80
71
Most common TBI in adolescents
mtbi
72
Section 504 of Rehab Act of 1973
requires schools to provide reasonable accommodations to allow individuals with disabilities to participate
73
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act IDEA
mandate to provide public education throughout special education and support services
74
How many people in the military report TBI?
56 percent of people in the military have reported a mild TBI
75
Who shows the most care giver burn out?
parents
76
Early outcome measure
Glasgow
77
Diffuse axonal injury
brain injury occurring when the white matter tracts are stretched and broken, resulting in extensive, widespread damage ○ Axon is sheared and neuron cant communicate properly since neuron communicates through axons ○ Releases tau when neuron is sheared; prevalent in CTE (boxers)
78
Limbic System
hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus
79
Dysautonomia
- sometimes called autonomic storming - refers to failure of the sympathetic or parasympathetic components of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system.
80
Excitotoxicity:
The process by which nerve cells are damaged and die due to over excitation; Occurs when a neuron is no longer able to maintain its resting potential as a result of impairment of the sodium potassium pump in combination with large scale increases and extracellular excitatory neurotransmitters such as glutamate
81
Spacicity
involuntary, abnormal motoric patterns;
82
Primary cause of sexual dysfunction
neuroendocrine changes; hypothalamus and pituitary damage

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