CBT

Question 1

Methods of Bx Assessment

Answer 1

Bxl interview
Direct self-report
Self-recording
Bxl checklist
Systematic naturalistic observation
Simulated observation
Role-playing
Physiological measurement

Question 2

Multimethod vs. Multimodal

Answer 2

Multimethod uses more than one of the 8 methods

Multimodal tries to get information about different modes or dimensions of bs

Question 3

Methods of Cognitive Assessment

Answer 3

Thoughts and internal dialogue
Beliefs
Attributions
Cognitive distortions
Imagery
Self-efficacy expectations
Cognitive style

Question 4

The ABC Model

Answer 4

The specific antecedents and consequences that cause an individual to perform a behavior.

Question 5

The Process of Behavior Therapy

Answer 5

Clarify problem
Formulate goals of tx
Designate a target bx
Identify maintaining conditions
Design a tx plan to change the conditions
Implement plan
Evaluate success of plan
Follow-up assesssment

Question 6

Stimulus Control

Answer 6

Changing the maintaining antecedents of behavior
Used in obesity and insomnia
Use cues that elicit target behavior
Change antecedents and cues that elect undesirable bx

Question 7

Contingency Management

Answer 7

Using the consequences of behavior to change that behavior through reinforcement (positive or negative)
Used in alcohol treatment, ABA therapy

Question 8

Behavioral Activation

Answer 8

Lewinsohn: depression is due to lack of response contingent positive reinforcement
Engage in planned activation strategies that lead to sense of mastery

Question 9

Response Cost

Answer 9

Remove a valued item or privilege as a consequence of undesirable bx (negative punishment)
Sunday Box

Question 10

Token economies

Answer 10

Motivating client to perform desirable bxs.
Anna State Hospital token economy
Effective during treatment, but generalization is not guaranteed
“Harry” film

Question 11

Relaxation Training

Answer 11

Used for medical problems (pain, heart problems)
Psychological problems (anxiety, panic, PTSD, insomnia)
Progressive muscle relaxation, applied relaxation

Question 12

Brief/Graduated Exposure Therapy

Answer 12

For maladaptive anxiety

Systematic desensitization and In vivo desensitization

Question 13

Systematic desensitization

Answer 13

Client imagines greater anxiety provoking situations while doing relaxation techniques
teaches competing response (relaxation)
Constructs a hierarchy of scenes (needs time to develop)
Desensitize
Works because of repeated safe exposure, in a gradual manner, while engaging in a competing response

Question 14

In vivo desensitization/In vivo exposure

Answer 14

Might use relaxation
Use hierarchy
Option to terminate if uncomfortable
Interoceptive exposure for panic
More effective than SD
Generalizes better than SD
Can monitor avoidance
Costly

Question 15

Virtual Reality Exposure

Answer 15

significant reduction in PTSD symptoms in veterans

VRE is better than imaginal exposure and no better than in vivo

Question 16

Panic Control Treatment

Answer 16

Diaphragmatic breathing
Progressive muscle relaxation
Cognitive restructuring
Interoceptive exposure
PCT led to greater change than treatment as usual

Question 17

Prolonged/Intense Exposure (flooding)

Answer 17

Doesn’t promote relaxation because it is a form of avoidance.
No hierarchy. People learn that anxiety is not going to hurt them.
Imagine scene as if it is actually occurring
Continue involvement even if anxious
Anxiety will increase and should pay attention
Used for phobias, OCD, PTSD, anorexia, PD, body dysmorphia
80% improvement compared to controls (phobias)
PE is highly effective for PTSD and gains are maintained over time (Foa)

Question 18

EMDR

Answer 18

rebalances information processing system

Works better than nothing, but not better than CBT or BT

Question 19

Unified Protocol

Answer 19

Psychoeducation and tx rationale
Motivational enhancement
Present-focused emotional awareness
Used across anxiety/mood disorders

Question 20

Classical Conditioning

Answer 20

a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.

Question 21

Operant Conditioning

Answer 21

Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior

Question 22

3 levels of cognition

Answer 22

Automatic thoughts
Cognitive distortions
Negative Cognitive Triad

Question 23

Cognitive interventions

Answer 23

Socratic dialogue
Columbo technique
Problem-solving
Homeworks and evidence gathering

Leads to more improvement, better outcomes when combined with meds vs. meds alone

Question 24

Behavioral Interventions

Answer 24

Behavioral activation
Graded task assignment
Behavioral experiment
Role-playing
Relaxation training

Question 25

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Answer 25

Identifying thoughts based on irrational beliefs, challenging those beliefs, and replacing them with rational thoughts. Only modest empirical support May not work with substance use clients or paraphiliacs

Question 26

Modeling/Social Learning

Answer 26

Learning through observation | Used for social skills training in schizophrenia or people with social phobia

Question 27

Self-instructional training

Answer 27

``` Cognitive coping skills Teaching people to talk to themselves Used with impulsive kids, developmentally disabled, schizophrenics. Not the strongest evidence for efficacy Cognitive modeling Cognitive participant modeling Overt self-instructions Fading overt self-instructions Covert-self instruction ```

Question 28

Stress inoculation training

Answer 28

``` Clients learn coping skills to deal with stress and practicing them in situations Education Coping skills acquisition Application Used for anxiety, anger, and pain Good evidence for PTSD ```

Question 29

Problem-solving therapy

Answer 29

Generates many possible effective solutions Helps choose the best ones Implements and evaluates the chosen solution Treats immediate problem and prepares to cope with future ones. Used with depression, anxiety, eating disorders, caregivers More effective than wait-list but only trending effective with active comparisons Reduces depression significantly in older adults Might be better for people with biases against therapy

Question 30

Relapse prevention

Answer 30

Procedures used to handle inevitable setbacks that occur in coping with real-life stressors. Identify high risk situations Learn coping skills (assertiveness, relaxation, social communication) Practice coping skills Creating a lifestyle balance (activity scheduling) Used in substance related disorders and tx packages

Question 31

5 core themes of third generation therapies

Answer 31

``` Expanded view of psychological health Broad view of acceptable outcomes Acceptance Mindfulness Creating a life worth living ```

Question 32

DBT

Answer 32

balance of radical acceptance with validation and change 1) stabilize client and achieve bxl control 2) replace quiet desperation with non-traumatic emotional experiencing 3) achieve ordinary happiness and unhappiness 4) resolve sense of incompleteness and achieve joy Better to use the whole training. Used for people with borderline personality disorder

Question 33

ACT

Answer 33

Accept life as it is and mindfully accept your distressing thoughts and feelings. Identify core values and commit to bx that furthers them ``` Experiential acceptance Cognitive defusion Self as context Contact with present moment Values Committed action ``` In those with social anxiety disorder, CBT and ACT were effective. ACT showed greater anxiety reduction post and follow up compared to CBT

Question 34

MBSR

Answer 34

Mindfulness of breath Body scan Mindful yoga Walking meditation

Question 35

Evidence for mindfulness

Answer 35

moderate effect sizes for anxiety, depression, and pain | Lowe evidence of improved distress or QoL, weight, sleep, substance use

Question 36

MBCT

Answer 36

helping to disengage and disidentify from depressing thoughts. Might be better for people with multiple depression relapses Used with chronic depression and bipolar Equally as effective as medication

Question 37

Applications for Health Psychology

Answer 37

Treatment of Medical Disorders Adherence to Medical Regimens Coping with Medical Procedures and Illness Prevention of Illness

Question 38

Studies using Contingency Management

Answer 38

Petry (2000) fishbowl procedure with alcoholics. "Good job" "small slips" "big slips" Lewinsohn behavioral activation for depression. Dimidijan (2006) BA comparable to meds.