CC Flashcards by Brieshinelle Gripon

Derivatives of serotonin; psilocybin is a component of “magic mushrooms”

Tryptamines

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Same feeling as “pleasant feeling” observed in amphetamines

Piperazines

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Anesthetic; antihistamine & antitussive properties

Methaqualone

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“Bad trip” as a panic rxn, most potent pharmacology materials known

Lysergic acid diethylamine

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Have therapeutic roles and CNS depressants; potentiate the effects of heroin

Sedative hypnotics (barbiturates & benzodiazepines)

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Depressant, stimulant & has hallucinogenic and anesthetic properties

Phencyclidine (Angel hair /Angel dust), tx: isolation in quiet dark room

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Derived from opium poppy; capable of analgesic, sedation & anesthesia; pinpoint pupils

Opiates (morphine: most powerful analgesic)

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Urinary metabolite of cocaine

Benzoylecgonine

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Only drug that can be tested for up to 45 days, loss of intellectual function

Cannabinoids

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Naturally occurring cannabinoids

Marijuana, hashish

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Urinary metabolite of cannabinoids

Il-nor- deltatetrahydrocannabinol

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Improves athletic performance by increasing muscle mass

Anabolic steroids

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Treatment of narcolepsy & attentional deficit disorder

Amphetamines/shabu

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No obvious impairment

0.01 - 0.05% w/v

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Mild euphoria decreased inhabitations (some impairment of motor skills)

0.03-0.12 % w/v

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Decreased inhibitions
Loss of critical judgement
Memory impairment
Diminished reaction time

0.09-0.25% w/v

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Mental confusion, dizziness, strongly impaired motor skills

0.18-0.30%

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Unable to stand/walk
Vomiting
Impaired consciousness

best ages to get pregnant w/ symptoms

0.27-0.40% w/v

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Coma & possible death

0.35- 0.50% w/v

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Nv of lead in body

3.5 ug/dL

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Causes blindness, damage arteries & veins

Methanol

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Ability to amalgamate, pink disease, minimata dse

Mercury

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Causes CNS depression & hypertension

Isopropanol

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Used in electroplating & galvanizing, significant environmental pollutant

Cadmium

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Odor of garlic breath w/ metallic taste. it has high affinity to keratin

Arsenic

Common constituent of hydraulic fluid and auti-freeze

Ethylene glycol

Causes cherry red blood and skin Colorless, tasteless, very toxic substance

Carbon monoxide

Bitter almonds breath odor

Cyanide

Other name of pre-albumin

Transthyretin

General transport protein, highest concentration

Albumin

Transports retinol & T4, used to confirm if spx is CSF

Pre-albumin

Maintains osmotic pressure along with salt

Albumin

Cystic fibrosis high prognostic marker

Albumin

Major inhibitor of protease activity

Alpha-1-antitrypsin

Most abundant Fetal in protein serum Synthesized initially by Fetal yolk sac & then by Fetal parenchyma cells of liver

Alpha 1 fetoprotein

Transports free hgb Primary Marker for intravascular hemolysis especially in HDN and HTR

Haptoglobin * depleted or consumed haptoglobin in intravascular hemolysis

Marker for Wilson's disease & binds to copper

Ceruloplasmin

Increases 10x in necrosis Largest major non-immunoglobulin protein in plasma

Alpha2-macroglobulin

Transports iron to its storage sites (-) APR with albumin & pre-albumin

Transferrin

Binds heme released by degradation of hemoglobin Secondary marker for intravascular hemolysis

Hemopexin

Most abundant coagulation Factor Appears as distinct band between beta and gamma globulin

Fibrinogen

Cardiac marker, it is used as an early warning test at risk of coronary artery disease (+) APR

C-reactive-protein

Synthesized in plasma cells

Immunoglobulin

Screening test for AMI Nonspecific cardiac marker

Myoglobin

Useful for assessment OF early and late AMI Also increased in renal dse and muscular dystrophy

Troponin T

Marker ONLY in early AMI Gold standard confirmatory for AMI Found in myocardium

Troponin I

Marker for CHF ( not for AMI )

B-type natriuretic peptide ( BNP)

Tube used for troponin T testing

Green top tube

Tube used for troponin I testing

Red glass tube

Spx used for BNP

Heparinized plasma

Cysteine proteinase inhibitor Endogenous renal marker

Cystatin C

Early indicator of glomerular dysfunction

Microalbuminuria

NV of microalbuminuria

0-29 mg / day

Microalbuminuria ref value

30-300 mg / day or 20-200

Clinical microalbuminuria ref value

> 300 mg / day or > 200

Sensitive but non-specific marker for kidney disease

Proteinuria (possible orthostatic)

Gold standard / reference method for glomerular filtration rate

Inulin clearance * not reabsorbed nor secreted by the tubules

Best alternative method for glomerular filtration rate test

Creatinine clearance

Measures the completeness of a 24-hour urine collection

Creatinine clearance

Earliest glomerular filtration test Can demonstrate progression of renal disease or response to therapy

Urea clearance

Low molecular weight protease inhibitor Indirect test, should not be present ibloodn

Cystatin C

Low mol weight glycoprotein Belongs to the lipocalin protein family and functions as prostaglandin D synthase

Beta trace protein

Major end product of protein and amino and catabolism

Blood urea nitrogen

First metabolite to increase in renal diseases Easily removed by dialysis

BUN

Causes hepatic coma

Ammonia

Formula for urea

BUN x 2.14

Diacetyl monoxime method / Fearon’s rxn

Urea + DAM = Yellow Diazine derivative

Direct / chemical reference method for BUN determination

Isotope dilution Mass spectrophotometery

Formed from oxidation of creatine End product of muscle metabolism derived from creatine

Creatinine

Formed from oxidation of creatine End product of muscle metabolism derived from creatine

Creatinine

Index of overall renal function (100% waste)

Creatinine

Chemical method for creatinine determination

Direct Jaffa method

Sensitive but nonspecific chemical method for creatinine

Folin Wu

Sensitive and specific method for creatinine

Lloyd's or fuller's earth method

Elevated concentration of nitrogenous substances like urea and creatinine

Azotemia

Diminished glomemilar filtration w/ normal renal function

Pre-renal azotemia

Damaged within the kidneys Causes: acute / chronic renal disease, glomenilonephritis

Renal azotemia

Result of urinary tract obstruction Causes: renal calculi, cancer tumors of genitourinary tract

Post-renal azotemia

Marked elevation of plasma urea and other NPN accompanied by academia and hyperkalemia

Uremia

Characterized by anemia, uremic frost, generalized edema, foul breath and sweat is urine-like

Uremia

Major product of purine catabolism Formed from xanthine by the action of xanthine oxidase

Blood uric acid

CC Flashcards

(81 cards)