CC - Carbohydrates, trace elements, and vitamins Flashcards
Metabolism of glucose to lactate
or pyruvate for production of
energy
Glycolysis
Formation of glucose-6-phosphate from noncarbohydrate source; conversion of fatty acids and amino acids to glucose by the liver
Gluconeogenesis
Breakdown of glycogen to
glucose for used as energy
Glycogenolysis
Conversion of glucose to
glycogen
Glycogenesis
Conversion of carbohydrates to
fatty acids
Lipogenesis
Decomposition of fats
last process
Lipolysis
Energy production (24 per Acetyl CoA molecule ATP); 12 per acetyl coa molecule
Tricarboxylic acid & electron
transport system
Energy source of many anabolic
reactions and glycolysis in RBCs
since the lack mitochondria
Hexose monophosphate shunt
Beta cell
destruction (no
production of
insulin)
type 1
Insulin resistance (our body doesn't want/ rejects insulin)
type 2
prediabetes: Autoantibodies (+)
type 1
prediabetes: Autoantibodies (-)
type 2
Symptoms
develop abruptly
type 1
Symptoms
develop gradually
type 2
Your body is no
longer able to
produce insulin
type 1
Your body still produces insulin, but it doesn’t make enough of it or it doesn’t use it efficiently
type 2
screening for gestational diabetes
between 24 and 28
weeks of gestation
common in babies
galactosemia
3 main causes of galactosemia
Galactose-1-phosphate Uridylyltransferase
(GALT)
Galactokinase (GALK1)
UDP-galactose-4’-epimerase (GALE)
The warning signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia
are related to
CNS
WHIPPLE’S TRIAD
Low blood glucose
Confusion
Relief of symptoms after glucose
administration
Enhances insulin action
CHROMIUM
Hemoglobin synthesis;
component of Vit B12
COBALT
Cellular respiration, collagen
synthesis, component of several
metalloenzymes
COPPER
