CC Lab Midterm Flashcards by Ellen Bravo

Ultraviolet region

<400nm

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Transmitted via electromagnetic waves that are characterized by their frequency and wavelength

Energy

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Distance between to successive peaks and is expressed in terms of. Nanometer

Wavelength

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Measurement of light intensity in a narrower wavelength

Spectrophotometric measurement

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Visible spectrum

400-700nm

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Measurement of light intensity without consideration of wavelength

Photometric measurement

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Ability of an analytical method to give repeated results on the same sample that agree with one another

Precision

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Infrared region

> 700nm

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Involves measurement of the light transmitted by a solution to determine the concentration of the light absorbing substances in the solution

Spectrophotometry

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One component of quality assurance

Quality control

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Ability of the analytical method to measure the smallest concentration of the analyte of interest

Sensitivity

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Ability of an analytical method to maintain accuracy and precision over an extended period of time

Reliability

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Ability of the analytical method to measure only the analyte of interest

Specificity

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Kind of QC that involves the analyses of control samples together with the patient specimen

Intralab QC

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Commonly used light source in the visible and near infrared region. Widely used in the lab

Tungsten light bulb

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Refers to any wavelength outside the band transmitted by the monochromatir. Causes absorbance error

Stray light

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Isolates specific or individual wavelength of light

Monochromator

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Nearness or closeness of the assayed value to the target value

Accuracy

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Kind of monochromator: a narrow light focused is refracted as it enters the more dense glass

Prisms

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Controls the width of bandpass.

Allow only a narrow fraction of the spectrum to reach the sample cuvette

Exit slit

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Holds the solution whose concentration is to be measured

Cuvet

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Minimizes unwanted or stray light and prevents scattered light into the monochromator system

Entrance slit

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Detects and converts transmitted light into photoelectric energy

Photodetector

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States that the concentration of the unknown substance is directly proportional to the absorbed light and inversely proportional to the amount of transmitted light

Beer’s law

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Amount of light absorbed

Absorbance

Kind of QC that involves proficiency testing program

Interlab Qc

Contains serum but without the reagent to complete the assay

Blanking technique

Most commonly used glassware. Used for heating and sterilization purposes

Borosilicate glass | Pyrex

High resistance to alkali, low thermal resistance

Boron free glassware | Soft glass

Design of pipet that delivers the exact amount it holds into a container

To deliver-TD

Kind of monochromator: wavelengths are bent as they pass a sharp corner

Diffraction gratings

Special alumina silicate glass. Six times stronger than borosilicate

Corex

Most commonly used cuvette

Alumina silica glass

Can be heated to 900C

Vycor

Design of pipet that holds the particular volume but does not dispense the exact volume

To contain | TC

Transfer pipet without consideration of a specific volume

Pasteur pipet

Made up of soda lime glass

Flint glassware

Drainage characteristic that has a continuous etched ring on top of the pipet; exact volume is obtained when the last drop is blown out

Blowout

For nonviscous fluid, Self draining Small amount left in the tip should not be blown out

Volumetric pipet

With graduations to the tip. Blowout pipet

Serological pipet

For viscous fluid | With etched ring

Ostwald Folin

Without graduations to the tip Calibrated between two marks Self draining pipet

Mohr pipet

Calibrating medium for TD pipets

Distilled water

Pipets that do not require calibration

Class A pipet

Relies on piston for suction creation to draw the sample into a disposable tip. The piston does not come in contact with the liquid

Air displacement pipet

Third choice. Pinky finger side

Basilic vein

Corrects absorbance caused by the color of the reagents

Reagent blank

Characterized by high degree of thermal resistance, low alkali content

Borosilicate glass

Operates by moving the pipet in the tip or barrel. | Does not require different tip for each use

Positive displacement pipet

Cleaning solution for glassware

Acid dichromate

Process by which blood is obtained from a patient's vein

Venipuncture

Applied to obstruct the returns of venous blood to the heart

Tourniquet

Disinfectant for ethanol testing

Benzalkonium chloride solution

Best site for venipuncture

Median cubital vein

Gauge for children

Needle length

1 or 1.5 inch

Clotting time for tubes with gel separators

30mins

An increase in the number formed elements in blood resulting either from a decrease or increase in plasma volume

Hemoconcentration

A system of ensuring accuracy and precision in the laboratory

Quality control

Centrifugation requirement

3000RCF for 10mins

Tubes that have clot activator, will clot in

5mins

Anti glycolytic agent

Sodium fluoride

Most common interfering conditions

Hemolysis Lipemic Icterus

Anticoagulant that combines with calcium to form insoluble salt

Oxalate

Calibrating medium for TC pipets

Mercury

OSHA

Occupational safety and health Administration

Serum or plasma must be stored at

4-6C

Combines with calcium with a non ionized form

Citrate

JCAHO

Joint commission on accreditation of health are organizations

Major metabolite product of protein catabolism

Blood urea nitrogen

Chain of infection three elements

Source Method of transmission Susceptible host

How many percent if urea is excreted in the kidney

90%

Increase BUN

``` Increase protein catabolism Hemorrhage in GIT Shock Chronic liver disease Acute or renal disease ```

CAP

College of American Pathologists

Conversion factor of BUN

0.357

Second choice. Thumb side

Cephalic vein

Decrease BUN

Low protein intake Severe vomiting and diarrhea Liver disease Pregnancy

Excellent marker for renal function

Creatinine

Method in BUN measurement

Urease test

Drainage characteristic that absence of etched ring, liquid is allowed to drain by gravity

Self draining

Enzymes in urease test

Urease | Glutamate dehydrogenase

Relationship of serum creatinine with GFR

Inversely proportional

Formula of BUN measurement

(A1-A2) sample ------------------ x C standard (A1-A2) standard

Reference interval of TP

6.5-8.3 g/dL | 65-83 g/L

Absorbance in measuring BUN

348nm

Pathologic condition that causes increase BUN

Acute glomerulonephritis Azotemia Renal failure

CDC

Center for disease control and prevention

Method to measure Creatinine

Jaffe reaction

Component of Jaffe reagent

Picric acid | Sodium hydroxide

Absorbance used to measure creatinine

500nm

Reference interval for creatinine

Male: .9-1.3 mg/dL (80-115umol/L) Female: 0.6-1.1mg/dL (53-97 umol/L)

Formula of creatinine measurement

A2-A1 sample ----------------- x C standard A2-A1 standard

Compound that is primarily synthesized in the liver

Total protein

Method in albumin

Bromcresol green dye binding method

Protein that is not synthesized in the liver

Immunoglobulins

Silica particles cause the blood to clot within

15-30 mins

Total protein is measured to determine

General information regarding disease state in many organ systems Assessing state of dehydration Assessing liver function

Method of determination of total protein

Biuret method

Very useful marker for synthetic function of the liver

Albumin

End color in biuret method

Violet

Waste product of creatine metabolism and excretion rate of it is a function of muscle mass

Creatinine

What part of protein is being measured in biuret method

Protein peptide bonds

Incubation period of TP

10mins at room temp

Absorbance used to measure TP

546nm

Conversion factor of albumin

Conversion factor of TP

Most abundant plasma protein

Albumin

Artifactual increased of albumin

Prolonged tourniquet | Evaporation prior to analysis

Absorbance used in albumin

578nm

Incubation of albumin before measuring the absorbance

5mins at room temp

Formula of albumin

Absorbance of unknown ----------------------------- x standard Absorbance of standard

Reference range in albumin

3.5-5.5 g/dL | 35-55 g/L

Dye used in albumin method

Bromcresol green or purple dye

Formula for determining TP concentration

Absorbance of unknown ----------------------------- x standard Absorbance of standard

Reference range of BUN

6-20mg/dL | 2.1-7.1mmol/L

CC Lab Midterm Flashcards

(115 cards)