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cc1 Flashcards

1
Q

what does ‘saturated’ mean?

A

a substance with only single bonds between carbons

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2
Q

what does ‘unsaturated’ mean?

A

a substance with at least one double bond between carbons

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3
Q

what are the main elements in a human body? (most to least)

A

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

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4
Q

what are ‘organic molecules’?

A

molecules that contain both hydrogen and carbon

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5
Q

what are ‘inorganic molecules’?

A

molecules that don’t contain both hydrogen and carbon

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6
Q

what is a ‘polymer’?

A

long chains of repeating units (monomers)

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7
Q

which elements are in carbohydrates?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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8
Q

which elements are in lipids?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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9
Q

which elements are in proteins?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

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10
Q

which elements are in nucleic acids: DNA, RNA, ATP?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphate

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11
Q

what ‘macronutrients’ are in the body? (most to least)

A

calcium, phosphate, magnesium, iron

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12
Q

what quantity are ‘macronutrients’ needed?

A

small concentrations

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13
Q

what is ‘magnesiums’ role in plants?

A

a component of chlorophyll

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14
Q

what is ‘magnesiums’ role in animals?

A

enzyme function

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15
Q

what is ‘irons’ role in plants?

A

growth

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16
Q

what is ‘irons’ role in animals?

A

a component of haemoglobin

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17
Q

what is ‘calciums’ role in plants?

A

strengthens cell walls

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18
Q

what is ‘calciums’ role in animals?

A

strengthen teeth, bones and nerves

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19
Q

what is ‘phosphates’ role in plants?

A

present in nucleic acids and phospholipids

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20
Q

what is ‘phosphates’ role in animals?

A

present in nucleic acids and phospholipids

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21
Q

which ‘micronutrients’ are in the body?

A

cobalt, copper, iodine, selenium, zinc

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22
Q

what quantity are ‘micronutrients’ needed in?

A

much smaller than macro

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23
Q

what is another name for ‘micronutrients’?

A

trace elements

24
Q

structure facts about water

A

simple covalent, inorganic molecule, non linear molecule, dipolar, hydrogen bonds

25
Q

what does a ‘non linear molecule’ mean for water?

A

angle between hydrogens is less than 180 degrees

26
Q

what does ‘dipolar’ mean?

A

there is an uneven distribution of charge across a water molecule

27
Q

why are water molecules ‘dipolar’?

A

oxygen is relatively negative, hydrogens are relatively positive

28
Q

what are ‘hydrogen bonds’ in terms of water?

A

attractions between positives Hs and negative Os

29
Q

why is water a liquid at room temp?

A

due to hydrogen bonding

30
Q

why is water being a liquid at room temp significant for living things?

A

it is a transport medium

31
Q

why is water a good solvent?

A

due to the dipolar nature of water

32
Q

why is water being a good solvent significant for living things?

A

as a transport medium and reactions in cells occur in solution

33
Q

why does water have a SHC?

A

due to hydrogen bonds

34
Q

why is water having a SHC significant for living things (warm blooded)?

A

for mammals it makes it easier to homeostatically control body temp

35
Q

why is water having a high SHC significant for living things (aquatic)?

A

aquatic habitats experience less temp fluctuations than terrestrial (land) habitats

36
Q

what is the general formula for carbohydrates?

A

Cn(H2O)n

37
Q

what is a monosaccharide?

A

one sugar

38
Q

what is a disaccharide?

A

two sugars

39
Q

what is a polysaccharide?

A

many sugars

40
Q

what is the formula for trioses?

A

C3H6O3

41
Q

what are trioses used for?

A

intermediates in respiration and photosynthesis

42
Q

what is the formula for pentoses?

A

C5H10O5

43
Q

what is the function of pentoses?

A

ribose / deoxyribose / RNA / DNA / structural roles

44
Q

what is the formula for hexoses?

A

C6H12O6

45
Q

what makes alpha glucose different to beta?

A

alpha glucose- C1 H is above, beta glucose- C1 H is below

46
Q

what are alpha and beta glucose, galactose and fructose?

A

structural isomers

47
Q

what is a disaccharide?

A

two monosaccharide units

48
Q

what bonds are formed between monosaccharides?

A

glycosidic bonds

49
Q

what is maltose made of?

A

two alpha glucoses

50
Q

what is lactose made up of?

A

beta galactose and alpha glucose

51
Q

what is sucrose made up of?

A

alpha glucose and fructose

52
Q

what is maltose?

A

intermediate in starch digestion (starch to maltose to glucose)

53
Q

what is lactose?

A

an energy source in milk for young mammals (suckled)

54
Q

what is sucrose?

A

transported in phloem

55
Q

what is a polysaccharide?

A

chains of monosaccharide units linked together by glycosidic bonds

biology (10 decks)

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