CC4

Question 1

Population of working age

Answer 1

The total number of people aged between statutory school leaving age and the state retirement age

Question 2

Employed

Answer 2

The number of people in work

Question 3

Employment rate

Answer 3

The percentage of the population of working age that is in a job
)No. people employed / Working age population) × 100

Question 4

Unemployment rate

Answer 4

The percentage of the workforce (that is able and willing to work) that is not currently employed and actively seeking work

Question 5

Labour force / workforce

Answer 5

Those in work or actively seeking work
(No. unemployed / UE + Employed) × 100

Question 6

Unemployment

Answer 6

The number of people out of work who are willing and able to work

Question 7

Participation rate

Answer 7

The percentage of the working population who are in the labour force. 18-65 year olds either working or actively seeking work

Question 8

Active population

Answer 8

Those in work or actively seeking work; also known as the labour force

Question 9

Activity rate or participation rate

Answer 9

The number of those in work or unemployed divided by the population of working age expressed as a percentage

Question 10

Inactive

Answer 10

The number of those not in work and not unemployed

Question 11

Inactivity rate

Answer 11

The number of those not in work and not unemployed / the population of working age expressed as a percentage Inactivity rate (the proportion of people aged from 16 to 64 who were economically inactive

Question 12

Claimant count

Answer 12

Those claiming unemployment related benefits.
Mainly job seekers allowance but also those seeking work and claiming the universal credit
(Old measure)

Question 13

Cyclical unemployment

Answer 13

Unemployment caused by a lack of demand in an economy.
Labour as a derived demand

Question 14

De-industrialisation

Answer 14

Fall in the proportion of national output accounted for by the manufacturing sector of the economy

Question 15

Emigration

Answer 15

Leaving a country

Question 16

Frictional unemployment

Answer 16

Transitional unemployment due to people moving jobs. Can be voluntary

Question 17

Geographical immobility

Answer 17

Inability of workers to move from one are to another

Question 18

ILO

Answer 18

International Labour Organisation
The Government’s official measure of unemployment

Question 19

Immigration

Answer 19

Coming to live in a country

Question 20

Labour Force Survey

Answer 20

People who have looked for work in the last 4 weeks and are able to start work in the next 2 weeks

Question 21

Long Term Unemloyed

Answer 21

Num of people out of work for at least a year

Question 22

Migration

Answer 22

Movement of people to a new area/country in order to find work or better living conditions

Question 23

National Living Wage

Question 24

Net Migration

Answer 24

Immigration to a country minus the emigration over a period of time

Question 25

Occupational Immobility

Answer 25

Refers to the inability of workers to move from one area to another

Question 26

Participation rate

Question 27

Real wage inflexibility

Answer 27

Workers are unemployed because real wages are too high and inflexible downwards, leading to insufficient demand for workers from employers

Question 28

Seasonal unemployment

Answer 28

Where workers are unemployed for parts of the year because their occupation is seasonal in nature
e.g tourism

Question 29

Under-employment

Answer 29

Workers who would work more hours if available or are in jobs below their skill level

Question 30

Structural unemployment

Answer 30

When the pattern of demand and production changes leaving workers unemployed in labour markets where demand has shrunk.
Include regional, sectoral or technological unemployment which results from labour immobility

Question 31

Zero Hour Contract

Answer 31

Worker is not obliged to provide any minimum working hours and not obliged to accept any work offered