CC6

Question 1

Paris Agreement

Answer 1

Signed in 2015, Updated in the COP 26 Summit in 2021

Question 2

17 SDGs

Answer 2

Set up by UN in 2015

Question 3

Effects of climate change

Answer 3

Global warming, extreme weather, etc

Question 4

Main GHG

Answer 4

CO2, stays in atmosphere for thousands of years

Question 5

CO2 is naturally removed by

Answer 5

Plants, and the ocean (but ocean becomes more acidic)

Question 6

Atmospheric carbon pool

Answer 6

reached 400 parts per mil in 2013 for the first time, and in 2022, is close to 420 parts per mil and is steadily increasing

Question 7

Warmest 10 years on record

Answer 7

have occurred since 2005

Question 8

Rate of warming in the past 40 years

Answer 8

is about 0.16 degrees/decade, twice the rate compared to the past, of 0.08 degrees/decade

Question 9

At the UN climate summit in Copenhagen 2009, world leaders

Answer 9

pledged to donate $100b USD/year to poorer countries by 2020 to help them adapt to climate change (HAS NOT BEEN MET)

Question 10

The first time that countries worldwide signed a deal to work together to limit global warming, and made financial commitments to do so:

Answer 10

Paris Agreement

Question 11

Which human activity adds the most CO2 to the atmosphere?

Answer 11

Combustion of fossil fuels

Question 12

Sustainable development solutions are:

Answer 12

Solutions may be simple but hard to finance

Question 13

How does planting trees address climate change?

Answer 13

Cool down naturally through shading and releasing water through transpiration

Question 14

Around 10% of the world population lives in:

Answer 14

Extreme poverty and cannot afford basic needs such as food water and sanitation

Question 15

Rate of poverty has been declining steadily but only recently rising again in 30 years because:

Answer 15

of the COVID Pandemic

Question 16

Absolute poverty line in 2011 and 2017 PPP

Answer 16

$1.90 USD per day, $2.15 USD per day

Question 17

Which area has the highest poverty rates

Answer 17

Sub-saharan africa and South Asia

Question 18

SDGs has _____ direct and _______ indirect goals to promote social inclusion

Answer 18

3, 3

Question 19

Gini coefficient does not tell anything about overall wealth, income of a country, Quality of life, nor gender economic well being

Answer 19

It only reflects income inequality, higher index = higher inequality

Question 20

Gender inequality index (GII) measures

Answer 20

inequality between female and male achievements in 3 dimensions. It ranges from 0, which indicates that women and men fare equally, to 1, which indicates that women fare as poorly as possible in all measured dimensions.

Question 21

Gender development index (GDI)

Answer 21

Higher better, up to 1

Question 22

Income of 99% of population fell during pandemic

Answer 22

Only 10 men doubled their wealth during this period

Question 23

Highest level of gender inequality is in

Answer 23

Asia, Middle East, and North Africa

Question 24

Wealthy people can use their wealth to

Answer 24

gain political influence and influence policies in their favour, with things like tax breaks

Question 25

We need to __________ to achieve zero hunger

Answer 25

End wars and conflict

Question 26

Agriculture contributes to _____ of GHG emissions, mainly arising from _______

Answer 26

25-30%, deforestation, loss of carbon from soil, methane gas from animal waste

Question 27

Singapore's "three food baskets" policy

Answer 27

Import food like eggs from three countries, malaysia australia and europe

Question 28

Singapore wants to produce ____ of its needs by 2030

Answer 28

30%, tripling domestic production of today

Question 29

____ and ______ have a larger impact on global compared to ______ (food)

Answer 29

Meat and dairy, plants

Question 30

Why was the WFP awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2020?

Answer 30

For its efforts to combat hunger, and its contributions to bettering conditions for conflict-affected areas

Question 31

How much produced food did not reach the market or was discarded after purchase in 2020?

Answer 31

A third

Question 32

larvae of black soldier flies are used to

Answer 32

Convert food waste into nutritious compost

Question 33

How much land (%) is used to grow crops for human consumption, and how much is for livestock?

Answer 33

27% of habitable land is used for livestock, 7% for growing crops for human consumption

Question 34

What is the proportion of the world's population facing 'high levels of BASELINE water stress' and 'high level of water stress'?

Answer 34

1/4 and 1/3 respectively

Question 35

Why was Singapore ranked badly for natural water resources in the 2006 World Water Development Report?

Answer 35

Limited land for catchments, etc etc

Question 36

2 water agreements signed between SG and MY

Answer 36

1961 (expired in 2011), and 2011 (expired in 2061)

Question 37

Singapore's 4 national taps

Answer 37

Local catchment, Imported from MY, NEWater (5 plants), and Desalination (5 plants)

Question 38

Which economic sector consumes the most water worldwide?

Answer 38

Agriculture

Question 39

NEWater is expected to meet ____% of Singapore's water demand by 2030?

Answer 39

50%

Question 40

Perfect global temp is

Answer 40

18 deg c

Question 41

There are ____ major GHG

Answer 41

6

Question 42

Global warming potential of ____ is higher than _____

Answer 42

methane, co2

Question 43

IPCC findings found that atmospheric CO2 concentration in 2019 was higher at any time in the last 2m years

Answer 43

Yes

Question 44

Ways to make polluters pay, but not harm economy in process:

Answer 44

Carbon Tax ($5/tonne in SG), Cap and Trade (You can sell excess credits if you pollute less than threshold)

Question 45

When was the UNFCCC signed

Answer 45

1992

Question 46

What incentives do businesses have to stop CO2 emissions

Answer 46

Only moral and ethical incentives (Definitely not financial)

Question 47

Kyoto Protocol signed in

Answer 47

1998, with 192 countries agreeing to take legally binding targets to reduce emissions. First commitment period ended in 2012

Question 48

Many developed countries aim to achieve _____________ by 2050

Answer 48

Net zero GHG emission

Question 49

___________ illnesses are some of the top 10 causes of death worldwide

Answer 49

Respiratory

Question 50

Air pollution is responsible for ______ of global warming

Answer 50

40%

Question 51

In 2021, SG's plastic recycling rate was

Answer 51

4%

Question 52

According to NEA, the maximum permissible noise level to which a SGporean working at home should be exposed to for 1h is about

Answer 52

67 decibels

Question 53

Noise pollution affects animals negatively in 3 ways

Answer 53

Finding food, hearing predators, communication

Question 54

Five periods of modern consumerism

Answer 54

1500-1800s: Adoption of luxury goods such as tea coffee spices silk cotton ceramics 1800-1880s: Rise of large urban middle class and widespread use of manufactured goods 1880-1930s: Consumerism became an economic strategy to stimulate increase in production of consumer goods to improve living stds 1930-1970s: Consumerism requires economies to base mainly on production and distribution to improve living stds and avoid social conflicts 1970-Now: Consumerism associated with globalisation and digitalisation

Question 55

In SG, the amount of waste disposed has increased ________ in the past 40 years

Answer 55

7-fold

Question 56

Main GHGs

Answer 56

CO2, Methane, N20, HCFC, HFC, Ozone

Question 57

Production-Consumption chain:

Answer 57

Extract > Produce > Distribute > Consume > Dispose

Question 58

5 major driving forces of consumption:

Answer 58

Economic (income), social, demographic, cultural, psychological

Question 59

Singapore zero waste masterplan:

Answer 59

Adopting a circular economy approach to waste and resource mgmt practices, towards more sustainable production and consumption

Question 60

What did former UN Secretary-General say about global sustainability

Answer 60

● “Our struggle for global sustainability will be won or lost in cities.”

Question 61

Proportion of global urban populaiton

Answer 61

2018: 55% 2050: 68%

Question 62

Doughnut economics

Answer 62

Social FOUNDATION to ensure no one is left falling short on life's essentials, and ecological CEILING to prevent humanity doesn't overshoot planetary boundaries = Doughnut-shaped space between 2 boundaries

Question 63

Examples of environmental hazards in cities:

Answer 63

Urban heat island, Urban flooding