CCC: Face Recognition Flashcards
What are the difference models for face recognition?
Bruce & Youngs early model.
The IAC model of face recognition (Interaction Activation Model)
Is eyewitness model accurate/ inaccurate?
Highly inaccurate
Children even worse- pick up superficial traits- as we get older, we get better!
Bruce & Young 1986 Model
What is in the model?
Modular model- different sub sections are processed independently.
Distinct pathways for recognizing familiar faces vs recognizing expressions.
Parallel pathways for dealing with facial expression, facial speech, & “visually derived semantic information”- such as sex, age & race.
Different representations constructed for different purposes and for familiar vs. unfamiliar faces
For recognition, a familiar face activates a “Face Recognition Unit” – faces previously encountered.
FRUs (Face recognition units) are linked to “Person Identity Nodes”
Early Evidence for Bruce & Young (1986)?
Memory loss diary study (Young, Hay and Ellis,1985) they found common errors really supported this model- so there were lots of good things with this model.
Early Evidence for Bruce & Young (1986)
What are the most common errors?
Person not recognized (i.e., ‘blanked’).
– Feeling of familiarity without identity. (normally happens when people are out of context)
– Person recognized but no name retrieved.
– Person misidentified.
* Repetition priming found for familiarity decisions but not
for gender or expression decisions (Ellis et al. 1990).
Early Evidence for Bruce & Young (1986)
What does familiarity not influence?
- gender decisions (Bruce, 1986).
– expression analysis (Young et al.1986) since disputed - Humans can selectively attend to identity or emotion in
sorting tasks (Etcoff, 1984).
What neuropsychological support is there for parallelism?
Double dissociation between the processing of facial
expression and face recognition.
Some have a deficit in Identity but not expression and vice versa
What Neuro-imaging support is there for parallelism:
Different cortical sites are active in the processing of
identity versus emotion (don’t worry about which sites!)
– Inferior occipital and lateral fusiform gyri activity:
Identity (yes) Expression (no) (Sergent et al. 1992).
– Amygdala and superior temporal sulcus activity:
Identity (no) Expression (yes) (Posamentier & Abdi, 2003).
What problem is there with the Bruce & Young model?
It couldn’t account for semantic priming!
What is semantic priming with face recognition?
Semantic priming- a face is responded to faster if it follows a closely related face (Prince Charles, followed by Diana), rather than an unrelated face.
No means to account for this using Bruce & Youngs model.
Interactive Activation and competition model (IAC model)
What did McClelland 1981 propose?
Proposed parallel distributed networks that have interactive activation and competition built in as basic processes.
IAC model
How is the knowledge shown?
Semantic information is “pooled”.
Knowledge is represented in “pools”
Relationships between different bits of knowledge are represented in the connections between the pools.
Connections between within a pool are mutually inhibitory.
Connections between pools are mutually facillitatory.
IAC model
What does mutually inhibitory mean?
If you activate one word in the category- you suppress the other words within that category.
e.g. if you activate the name Sam, all the other names in the category would be suppressed.
