CCE Test Flashcards
(185 cards)
1
Q
Interns are not allowed to do ___ while on duty
A
Eat or drink in patient areas
Do outside work (ie homework)
Use cell phones (including texting); phones should be turned off
Use hospital computers for personal use-even with permission from staff members
2
Q
Interns are allowed breaks during their 4-hour shift (T/F)?
A
False. Interns are only allowed a 30 min rest in the break room when performing two shifts in a row.
3
Q
What is the recommended process for being efficient with starting and ending a double shift?
A
Arrive at first shift 15 mins early
Sign out of first shift 15 mins early and take a 30 min break
Sign in to second shift 15 mins late
Leave 15 mins after second shift has ended
4
Q
What do you do when you’re not busy with any tasks?
A
Walk around the floor and ask patients and staff is they could be of any help
Make oneself useful by being productive even when not directly asked by medical staff
5
Q
A complete uniform comprises of:
A
Polo shirt (tucked in) Long khaki pants ID Badge White tennis shoes A black pen
6
Q
A full uniform is required for:
A
EVERY shift Department trainings All intern meetings Signing in for shifts Counseling sessions Turning in paperwork to CCE office
7
Q
What must be done with your ID badge if leaving for absence exceeding 2 weeks?
A
You MUST return your ID badge to the CCE office before you leave
8
Q
All Intern Meetings are:
A
Twice every rotation on Sunday at 4pm and 5:30pm
For discussion of important information and updates such as announcing of awards
9
Q
What if you can’t make it to an All Intern Meeting?
A
You must email your Department Coordinator before the meeting to request and excused absence
Interns who do not attend AIMs and are unexcused will lose priority for department assignments
10
Q
Hours and shift requirements:
A
All CCEs must complete 1 four-hour shift each week in their assigned departments
11
Q
First rotation hours:
A
48 hours
Failure to complete will result in staying in same department for second shift until minimum of 48 hours is completed
12
Q
All rotations after first hour requirements:
A
48 hours
Failure to complete will not receive credit for completing the floor and will have a lower priority for department choices
13
Q
Eligible hours toward pipeline graduation:
A
24 training hours (already completed upon first shift of entering Pipeline)
240 floor hours
10 meeting hours
4 department training hours
Recruitment (2 hours for each referred applicant who enters Pipeline)
Special projects (hospital sponsored projects)
Department specific shadowing (opportunity to shadow CCE in upcoming department)
Alternative departments (doubling up which can only be done after first rotation)
14
Q
Ineligible hours towards graduation:
A
Leadership team
15
Q
What is department specific training?
A
Mandatory
Takes place prior to starting a new rotation
Training dates and times are sent by email along with department assignments for the new rotation
Interns who do not attend department training may be reassigned to a different department
16
Q
Who can initiate a counseling session and why?
A
Any Leadership Team member of the Pipeline Manager
A counseling session is initiated when an intern requires instruction or guidance to correct behaviors to ensure all Pipeline and facility policies are observed
Counseling reports will be signed by the intern and placed in his/her file at the end of the session
17
Q
What if an intern receives multiple counseling reports?
A
First counseling session is designed to review Pipeline policy and correct behavior
Second counseling session will result with intern being placed on Performance Contract
Third counseling session may result with the intern being released from the Pipeline
18
Q
When should a Change of Information form be submitted?
A
Changes to:
Permanent/local address
Phone numbers
Email addresses
19
Q
When should a Intern Information Disclosure form be submitted?
A
If the intern requests a copy of their immunization and/or certification records
20
Q
When should a Leave of Absence form be submitted?
A
If requesting Leave of Absence (LoA) of more than 14 consecutive days
Must be submitted at least two weeks prior to leave date to LoA coordinator or CCE office
Extensions of LoAs must be emailed to LoA coordinator with updated form containing revised return date
21
Q
What happens if Leave of Absence exceeds 3 months? 6 months?
A
3 months: intern must repeat the initial 3-day training
6 months: intern must reapply to Pipeline
22
Q
What are the reasons a Leave of Absence will be denied?
A
School-related reasons such as midterms or finals
Study for MCATs, NCLEX, GREs, etc
23
Q
What is an Hours Audit Request?
A
Request for record of total hours served
Submit requests to Hours Records Coordinator
24
Q
What are all the CCE forms?
A
Counseling Reports Change of Information Intern Information Disclosure Leave of Absence Hours Audit Request Intra-Pipeline Facility Transfer Pipeline Completion Competency Checklist Timesheet Shifts Calendar Letter of Reference Request Leadership Team Application
25
What is the Intra-Pipeline Facility Transfer form?
Request to transfer to another Pipeline facility if moving at least 15 miles closer to desired transfer facility
Request must be submitted to current manager
Interns not allowed to contact desired transfer facility
26
What happens if an Intra-Pipeline Facility Transfer request is approved?
Must complete 3-day initial training at new Pipeline facility, pay Pipeline fee and submit all required documentation
Current floor hours will only transfer if s/he accumulates: 168 hours min (24 initial training hours and 144 floor hours) performed at new facility and required 280 cumulative graduation hours from both facilities
27
What is Leadership team and what are the duties?
Eligible to join after one rotation as CCE
Required to work 2 office hours per week
Help with Orientation/Interviews and Trainings
Assist with Special Projects
28
How do you sign up for shifts?
Blank calendar for the next month will be available for shift sign-ups from the 1st through the 25th of the current month
Calendar for sign-ups will be located in the Department Binder
Only sign up for one shift per week until the calendar is finalized
29
How to sign up for multiple shifts per week?
The sign-up calendar will be removed from the binder at the end of every month to be finalized
The calendar will be typed up by the Department Coordinator and a finalized electronic copy of the calendar will be emailed to interns
After a finalized calendar is sent, interns may pick up as many open shifts as they want via email
After the calendar is finalized, all scheduling must be done via email; handwritten changes to a finalized calendar are not valid and will not be recognized as a scheduled shift
30
What do you do if you miss a shift?
Call the Charge Nurse of assigned department 15 mins after the shift start time
Email the Department Coordinator at least 24 hours prior with the following information: valid reason for needing to miss and a new shift date and time to make-up
31
What is the timesheet protocol?
Timesheets will be created and placed in the Department Binder located in the assigned unit
First thing interns must do when they arrive is sign in and sign out before they leave (signing in and out at the same time is not permitted)
When signing in and out, round to the nearest quarter hour (0:07 round down, 0:08 round up)
Sign top section of the sign in sheet and sign the signature section after signing out of every shift
32
When must the Competency Checklist be complete, with who, and where does it go?
Must be completed by the end of the 2nd week of first month of every rotation
Com Checklist will be placed next to each timesheet in the Department Binder
Must be completed with a Registered Nurse only
When completed, place original in front pocket of Department Binder
33
Requirements for a functional patient care team:
```
Effective communication
Patient-centered focus
Establishing a common goal
Understanding other member's roles
Confidence in other team members
```
34
Obstacles to successful teamwork:
Ineffective leadership
Lack of understanding of other healthcare professionals
Turfism
Financial structures
35
Scope of practice is:
The duties or services that a particular healthcare practitioner is authorized to perform
Some professionals authorized to practice independently while others involve supervision or collaboration with a physician or other practitioner
36
Evolution of patient care
Past: doctor knows best, patients blindly followed physician instructions and the health of patients was the concern of 1 physician
Present: patient autonomy, right of patients to control the course of their own medical treatment, right to participate in decision-making process, patient's health is concern of a team of healthcare providers
37
Allied health professionals are:
Mid-level health care professionals who support, complement, or supplement the work done by physicians and nurses
Represent 60% of nation's healthcare providers
38
Examples of allied health professionals:
```
Certified nursing assistant
Emergency medical technician and paramedic
Physician assistant
Physical therapist
Occupational therapist
Registered dietician
Radiologic/X-ray/ultrasound tech
Respiratory therapist
Surgical technologist
Clinical lab technologist
Clinical lab scientist (more advanced than CLT)
```
39
Nurse examples:
Licensed vocational nurse
Registered nurse
Clinical nurse specialist
Nurse practitioner
40
Nursing gender gap due to:
Professionalization of nursing in mid-1800s contributed to decline of male nurses
Historically, men often discourage and denied access to nurse education
41
What was Florence Nightingale's belief?
That nursing was an extension of a woman's "natural domestic role"
42
Men now make up what % of all nurses?
10%
43
Shortage of nurses affects:
```
Emergency preparedness
Access to care
Quality of care
Patient safety
Economic growth
```
44
Why is there a nursing shortage?
Steep population growth and aging population
Aging current nursing workforce
Diminishing pipeline of new students
High workforce attrition rates
Low job satisfaction and poor working conditions due to the shortage
Gender biases
45
Solutions to nursing shortage are:
Short term: wage and benefit equity
Long term: focus on new and innovative recruitment and retention strategies, increase incentives for nursing faculty recruitment, better educate public on impact of nursing care on healthcare quality and safety, and recruit foreign nurses
46
What is the gender ratio in U.S. medical schools now?
1M : 1F
47
What effect does gender have on patient satisfaction?
Males have a more straighfoward approach whereas females are more nurturing
48
What are the similarities between MD and DO physicians?
```
Course prerequisites
Medical education (same duration and core curriculum)
Postgraduate training
Duties and responsibilities
Salary
```
49
What are the differences between MD and DO physicians?
DO programs slightly less competitive
Licensing exams (USMLE and COMLEX
International recognition
Specialty selection
50
What is the physician hierarchy?
```
Medical student
Intern
Resident
Attending
Chief of medicine
```
51
What professionals make up a patient care team?
```
Physician
Nurse
Allied health professional
Volunteer
Patient
```
52
How do you become culturally competent?
Do not make any assumptions about the patient-ask questions
Respect patients' values, beliefs and practices ever if they differ from your's
Show respect for patients' support system
Try to develop trust
53
Aspects of communication:
```
Directness
Gestures
Facial expressions
Touch
Degree of formality
Status
Pace
```
54
What should you demonstrate when listening?
Empathy not sympathy
| Compassion
55
What are the barriers to listening?
Inappropriate language
Non-verbal cues
Verbal cues
56
How should you communicate with physicians?
Direct and straight forward
57
How should you communicate with patient's family?
Friendly and reassuring
58
How should you communicate with clinical staff?
Instructional and directional
59
How should you communicate with patients?
Educational while listening and displaying empathy
60
How should you communicate with healthcare professionals?
Be professional and clear
Always ask for clarification
Always communicate inability to do a task outside of scope of practice
Never argue with the clinical staff-especially in presence of patient
61
How to be assertive:
Be clear, specific and direct when speaking
Keep repeating the message until it is HEARD
Ask for clarification when unsure of something
Body language is everything
Keep calm and stick to the point
Always be respectful of the rights of others
62
What are Joint Commissions?
U.S. based, not for profit organization that accredits and certifies hospitals
63
Why is accreditation important to hospitals?
Allows hospitals to receive reimbursement from federal government programs
64
What makes up the Joint Commission?
Accreditation standards: fundamentals for objective evaluation of healthcare organizations; subject to review and revision annually
National patient safety goals (NPSGs): developed from persistent issues or problems encountered at hospitals that negatively impact quality of patient care, sentinel events, and events that cause increase of healthcare costs
Reporting sentinel events: unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical/psychological injury
Un-/Scheduled surveys
65
What are the ways to correctly identify a patient?
```
Open ended question of name and DoB
Wristband
Nurse station
White board in patient room
Chart
```
66
What is the best way to prevent the spread of infection?
Hand hygiene
67
When should you clean your hands?
Before and after touching a patient or anything in a patient's room
Before putting on and after removing gloves
Before and after eating
Before and after personal care
68
How long should you wash your hands?
At least 15 seconds
69
How long should nails be kept?
No longer than 1/8" past the fingertip
70
What is the central premise of standard precautions?
All bodily fluids are potentially infectious
71
What does PPE stand for and what does it include?
```
Personal Protective Equipment
Gloves
Gown
Mask
Goggles and/or face shield
```
72
How do you reduce/prevent exposure to bloodborne pathogens?
Never recap a needle
Dispose of needle and syringe immediately into sharp objects container
Use safe sharps whenever possible
Use PPE whenever anticipating exposure to blood or bodily fluids
73
What are the CDC isolation precautions?
```
Standard
Contact
Droplet
Airborne
Neutropenic
```
74
What steps should be taken prior to entering a contact isolation room?
Wear gown and gloves
| Wash hands after interaction
75
What steps should be taken prior to entering a droplet isolation room?
Wear a mask
76
What steps should be taken prior to entering a contact/droplet isolation room?
Wear gown, gloves, and mask
77
What steps should be taken prior to entering a airborne isolation room?
Wear N-95 mask or TB hood
78
What is the difference between airborne and droplet isolation?
Pathogens in airborne can remain suspended in the air and thus patients must be placed in a negative pressure room
79
What is unique about neutropenic isolation?
Reverse isolation
| Patients who are immunocompromised
80
What is MDRO?
Multidrug Resistant Organism
81
What are the practices to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections?
Minimize use and duration in all patients
Avoid use to manage incontinence
Remove catheter asap postop, preferably within 24 hours
Monitor daily for continued need
Use proper insertion and maintenance techniques
Make sure bag and tubing do not touch the floor
82
What are the practices to reduce central line bloodstream infections?
Use maximal sterile barriers when inserting line
Avoid femoral vein as insertion site
Scrubbing the hub for 10-15s with CHG when accessing line to give medications
Assess line daily for continued necessity
83
What is HAI?
Hospital Associated Infection
84
What is nosocomial infection?
Infection that is acquired while a patient is in the hospital
85
What are the common bacterial infections?
Streptococcus
| Staphylococcus
86
What is used to treat Strep and Staph infections?
Methicillin or Vancomycin due to their resistance to Penicillin
87
What is MRSA?
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
88
What are the common viral infections?
HIV/AIDS
HPV
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
Influenza
89
What do you do if you are exposed to the blood of a patient?
Wash needle sticks and cuts with soap and water
Flush splashes to nose, mouth, or skin with water
Irrigate eyes with clean water, saline, or sterile irrigants
Report exposure to charge nurse
Report exposure to pipeline manager
90
Who in the hospital has low infection resistance?
```
Newborns (especially premature babies)
Elderly
Surgical
Seriously ill (ICU, CCU, etc)
Physically and nutritionally depleted
Immune compromised
```
91
What are the dwell times for alcohol and bleach based wipes?
Alcohol: 2 minutes
Bleach: 4 minutes
Reapply if dries before end of dwell time
92
What are Neonates and infants at high risk for?
Aspiration
Suffocation
Falls
93
What are toddlers at high risk for?
Choking
Injury
Infection
94
What are preschool and school age (4-12 yo) at high risk for?
Fall/bodily damage related injury
Trauma due to physical/sexual abuse
Asthma
Fluid/electrolyte imbalance related to gastroenteritis
95
What are adolescents (13-18 yo) at high risk for?
Substance abuse
Depression/suicide
STDs
96
What are young adults (18-40 yo) at high risk for?
Substance abuse
Increased stress from work, family, and possibly school
Midlife crisis during one's 40s
Quarter life crisis during one's 20s
97
What are middle adults (40-64 yo) at high risk for?
Hearing and eyesight decline
Bone and joint pain
"Late" midlife crisis (difficulty accepting physical changes)
98
What are older adults (65+ yo) at high risk for?
```
Decreased skin integrity
Aspiration
Sleep pattern disturbance
Falls
Sensory and perceptual alterations
```
99
What is mandatory reporting?
Reporting of suspicious behavior or events to correct authorities
100
What should interns be suspicious of?
Child abuse
Elderly abuse
Harassment
Domestic abuse
101
What constitutes child abuse/neglect?
Physical injury (other than accidental)
Sexual abuse
Neglect
Willful harming
102
What constitutes elder abuse?
Malnutrition
Bruises/bone fractures
Skin break downs/bed sores
103
How do you report an incident?
Tell the charge nurse
| Page pipeline manager and provide name, location, and unit phone number
104
What is the Pipeline manager pager number?
888-248-2914
105
What do you do if you are injured?
Tell charge nurse immediately after the incident occurs
Get treated at Employee Health during weekdays or Emergency Department after hours or in case of serious injury
Page pipeline manager
106
How can fainting be prevented?
Eat prior to shift
Remain hydrated
Get plenty of rest
107
What is HIPAA?
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
Initially intended to make it easier for patients to move from one insurance plan to another
Establishes standard format for healthcare organizations to share medical information
Makes it illegal for information to be released to inappropriate parties
108
What is PHI?
Protected Health Information
109
What does PHI include?
```
Identifying information (name, address, SSN, DoB, names of relatives, etc)
Information on patient's physical and mental health, provided care, and payment for care
```
110
Who is authorized to see patient information?
Those on need-to-know basis
111
What are general ways to protect privacy?
Close doors and draw curtains during patient care and discussions
Make sure discussion of patient conditions cannot be overheard
Knock before entering rooms
Keep patient records locked and away from public areas
Do no give names or information when visitors ask about patients; direct inquiries to staff member
112
What is code red and what is the response?
Fire
Dial 4000 and give name and location
Close all doors to area
113
What is code blue and what is the response?
Cardiac arrest
| Dial 4000 and give name and location
114
What is code white and what is the response?
Infant medical emergency (under 3 mo)
| Dial 4000 and give name and location
115
What is code purple and what is the response?
Child abduction (3 mo-13 yo)
Report all incidents to security
Look for suspicious situations
Dial 4000 and give name and location
116
What is code orange and what is the response?
Hazardous materials spill
Dial 4000 and give name and location
Do not attempt to clean up manually
Try to block off area
117
What is code yellow and what is the response?
Bomb threat
| Gather as much information about it as possible
118
What is code silver and what is the response?
Person with a weapon or hostage situation
Dial 4000 and give name and location
Do not go to location
119
What is code gray and what is the response?
Combative or disruptive person confronting hospital staff
If in area, go to location of code
If reporting, dial 4000 and give name and location
120
What is code pink and what is the response?
Infant abduction
Dial 4000 and give name and location
Look for suspicious situations such as unattended duffle bags
Nurses will have pink stickers on ID badges and will use bassinets to transport babies
121
What is code C?
C-Section
122
What is code Dr. Stork?
Imminent Delivery
123
What is code green?
Trauma-extra patient care support needed in ER
124
What is code triage standby?
Potential natural disaster
125
What is code zero?
Evacuation
126
What is code vent?
Ventilation failure
127
What are the 3 major classes of fires?
Electrical
Combustible
Chemical
128
What kind of fire extinguisher can be used for all three classes of fires?
ABC
129
What are the three things needed for fire to burn?
Oxygen
Fuel
Heat
130
What is PASS?
Pull pin from extinguisher
Aim nozzle at base of fire
Squeeze handle
Sweep nozzle from side to side
131
What is RACEE?
```
Rescue patients in danger
Activate alarm
Close all doors to area
Extinguish fire if possible
Evacuate area if necessary
```
132
Which three companies and known for their customer service?
Walmart
Nordstrom
Disneyland
133
What is the difference between a retail customer service and hospital customer service?
Patients don't want to be in a hospital in the first place
134
Who are the customers?
```
Patients
Families
Staff
Administrators
Vendors
EMTs
```
135
Why is customer service important?
Happy patients heal faster
Provide patients with care, company, and help them feel more like people instead of just patients
Patient satisfaction scores affect hospital's funding
136
What is proper customer service etiquette?
Never put someone on hold for more than 30 seconds without checking in on them
The other end can hear you smile
Answer questions as if it's the first time you've heard it
If you do not know the answer, find someone who does
If someone asks you where something is, take them there
Stay in control of your reactions
Stay neutral
Never crack jokes
Be considerate of emotions and personal space
137
What do you do if a patient is falling?
Protect their head
Call a nurse immediately to help pick the patient up
Page pipeline manager
Notify department coordinator
138
What are ways to prevent falls?
Always stay directly by the side of the patient
139
What is the Trendelenburg position and when is it used?
Patient's head is low and legs elevated
| Used to treat shock
140
What is the Reverse Trendelenburg position and when is it used?
Patient's head is elevated
| Used for head trauma (e.g open/bleeding wound)
141
What is the Fowler's position and when is it used?
Semi-sitting position with hips at 45-60 degree angle
| Used after hip/abdominal surgery
142
What is the Semi-Fowler's position and when is it used?
Semi-sitting position with knees flexed and supported by a pillow
Used to reduce pressure on the back
143
What is orthopedics?
Branch of surgery concerned with musculoskeletal system injuries and disorders
144
What is an important precaution for post hip op patients?
Do not flex the hip past 45 degrees
| Do not adduct the hip past the midline of the patient
145
What is BM, CBC, KVO/TKO, NPO, PO, PR, PRN?
BM: bowel movement
CBC: complete blood count
KVO: keep vein open (IV flow enough to KVO)
NPO: non per os; nothing by mouth oral or liquid
PO: per os; administer by mouth
PR: per rectum
PRN: pro re nata; administer as needed
146
What is inpatient and outpatient?
Inpatient: patient admitted to hospital for overnight stay
Outpatient: patient checks into hospital and leaves the same day as their procedure
147
What is sign and symptom?
Sign: objective indication of some medical fact/quality detected by a physician during a physical exam
Symptom: subjective experience reported by patient
148
What is the path of blood through the body?
```
Heart
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Heart
```
149
What are the cardiovascular conditions?
Atherosclerosis: disease in which fatty material is deposited in the walls of arteries
Myocardial Infarction (MI): loss of blood supply to the heart; heart attack
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): failure of heart to pump blood efficiently
Stroke (wet/dry): loss of blood supply to the brain
Shock: decreased perfusion of blood to body tissues
150
What is the flow of air in the body?
```
Nose/mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchi
Bronchiole
Alveoli
```
151
Where does gas exchange occur?
Alveoli
152
What are the pulmonary conditions?
Pneumonia: inflammation of lung by microorganism
Tuberculosis: infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Asthma: chronic condition characterized by airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and hypersecretion of mucus
Bronchitis: chronic expiratory airflow obstruction accompanied by chronic productive cough for 3+ months in two successive years
Emphysema: chronic expiratory airflow obstruction accompanied by permanent enlargement of alveoli
153
What is neoplasia?
Uncontrolled, disorderly proliferation of cells
| Can be benign or malignant
154
How is neoplasia classified?
Benign vs malignant
| Tissue of origin
155
What are the vital signs?
```
Temperature
Heart rate/pulse
Blood pressure
Respiratory rate
Oxygen saturation
Pain level
```
156
Why are vital signs important?
Acute medical problems: sudden changes
| Chronic disease states: prolonged abnormal values
157
What is ESI?
Emergency Severity Index
158
What are the different methods for taking temperature?
Oral
Axillary
Tympanic
Rectal
159
Which is the most inaccurate method and takes the longest to measure temperature?
Axillary
160
What is the normal body temperature?
97.6~99.6 degrees F
161
What can cause increase in body temperature?
```
Strenuous activity
Digestion of food
Drinking a warm beverage
Illness
Emotional stress
Taking a warm bath
High levels of progesterone after ovulation
```
162
What causes decrease in body temperature?
```
Fainting
Illness
Dehydration
Drinking a cold beverage
Fasting
Sleep/rest
High levels of estrogen before ovulation
```
163
Where is the most common area to measure the pulse?
Radial artery
164
What are all the locations commonly used to measure pulse?
```
Carotid
Brachial
Femoral
Popliteal
Posterior tibial
Dorsalis pedis
```
165
What does the presence of a pulse in the dorsalis pedis indicate?
Blood circulation to extremities
166
What is the normal resting heart rate for adult, children, toddlers, and infants?
Adult: 60-100 bpm
Children: 80-100 bpm
Toddlers: 100-120 bpm
Infants: 120-169 bpm
167
What factors cause change in heart rate?
```
Body temperature
Emotional state
Activity level
Health of the heart
Hemorrhage
Drugs
```
168
What are the characteristics of the pulse?
Rate
Rhythm
Quality
169
What is blood pressure?
Pressure exerted by the blood against artery walls as the heart pumps and then relaxes
170
What instruments are used to measure blood pressure?
Sphygmomanometer (bp cuff)
Stethoscope
Alcohol wipes
171
What is systolic and diastolic pressure?
Systolic: greatest force exerted against the walls of the arteries during a heart contraction
Diastolic: least force exerted against the walls of the arteries when the heart relaxes
172
What is the normal systolic and diastolic pressure?
Systolic: 100-140 mm Hg
Diastolic: 60-90 mm Hg
Average adult: 120/80 mm Hg
173
What causes increase in blood pressure?
```
Lack of exercise
Obesity
Illness
Stress
Ethnic background
Family history
High sodium intake
```
174
What causes decrease in blood pressure?
```
Fasting
Shock
Hemorrhage
Rest
Low sodium intake
```
175
One respiration comprises of:
One inspiration + one expiration
176
What is the normal breathing rate in adults, children, and newborns?
Adult: 12-20 bpm
Children: 15-30 bpm
Newborns: 30-60 bpm
177
What causes increases in respiratory rate?
Strenuous exercise
Illness
Increased/decreased CO2 levels in blood
178
What causes decrease in respiratory rate?
Sleep
Rest
Inactivity
Opioids
179
What is oxygen saturation?
Measure of how much oxygen is bonded to hemoglobin in the blood as a percentage
180
What is unique about reporting of pain level?
Subjective to and determined by the patient alone
| Cannot really be quantified or measured
181
At what reported pain level should be reported to nursing staff?
8 or higher
182
What is AIDET?
```
Acknowledge
Introduction
Duration
Explanation
Thank you
```
183
What are the 3 Ps?
Pain
Potty
Position
184
What is the hourly rounding overview?
```
Use opening key words and /or actions to introduce yourself and your scope of practice
Perform scheduled tasks
Address the 3 Ps
Assess additional comfort needs
Conduct environmental assessment
Use closing key words and/or actions
Explain when you or others will return
Document the round on CCE rounding chart
```
185
What is the primary reason people go to the hospital?
They are in pain
