CCNA 6.0 - Automation and Programmability

Question 1

SDN stands for…

Answer 1

Software-Defined Networking (aka controller-based networking)

Question 2

What happens in a device’s data plane?

Answer 2

Message processing and forwarding - the data plane is also sometimes referred to as the “forwarding plane.”

Question 3

What happens in a device’s control plane?

Answer 3

Any action that controls the data plane - STP, routing protocols, ARP tables, MAC tables

Question 4

What happens in a device’s management plane?

Answer 4

Any device management tasks - telnet/SSH

Question 5

In a switch, many or most of the data plane functions run in which piece of hardware?

Answer 5

ASICs on each interface

Question 6

REST APIs rely on what protocol?

Answer 6

HTTP

Question 7

What two API data formats are typically used?

Answer 7

XML and JSON

Question 8

IBN stands for…

Answer 8

Intent-Based Networking

Question 9

ACI stands for…

Answer 9

Application-Centric Infrastructure

Question 10

A spine-and-leaf topology is also called…

Answer 10

Clos

Question 11

True or false: in a Clos topology, leaf switches are fully meshed with each other.

Answer 11

False - leaf switches connect to spine switches, but not to each other.

Question 12

True or false: in a Clos topology, spine switches are fully meshed with each other.

Answer 12

False - spine switches connect to leaf switches, but not to each other.

Question 13

APIC stands for…

Answer 13

Application Policy Infrastructure Controller

Question 14

What is “underlay”?

Answer 14

physical devices and cabling (or wireless)

Question 15

What is “overlay”?

Answer 15

A series of virtual tunnels that transport traffic between devices

Question 16

What is VXLAN?

Answer 16

Virtual eXtensible LAN - the technology used in building overlay tunnels

Question 17

What is a “fabric”?

Answer 17

The combination of overlay and underlay

Question 18

What is a fabric edge node?

Answer 18

Similar to a traditional access-layer switch, where endpoints connect

Question 19

What is a fabric border node?

Answer 19

A switch that connects to devices outside of SD-Access, e.g. switches that connect to WAN routers or an ACI data center

Question 20

What is a fabric control plane node?

Answer 20

A switch that provides control plane functions for the underlay via LISP

Question 21

What is LISP?

Answer 21

Locator/ID Separation Protocol

Question 22

Unified Access Data Plane (UADP) ASICs are vital to the efficient creation of…

Answer 22

VXLAN tunnels

Question 23

What are the two primary elements in the table that LISP assembles?

Answer 23

EID (endpoint IDs) and RLOC (routing locators)

Question 24

Name two protocols used by the Cisco Catalyst Center’s SBI to manage SD-Access devices.

Answer 24

NETCONF and RESTCONF

Question 25

What is an SGT?

Answer 25

Scalable Group Tag; a group of users which will be used in defining security policies

Question 26

Name two broad categories of AI.

Answer 26

Narrow and Generative

Question 27

What does REST stand for, and what is it?

Answer 27

REpresentational State Transfer, and it is a type of API

Question 28

Is a REST server stateless or stateful? What does that mean?

Answer 28

Stateless - it will not remember previous queries. Clients need to specify all the information they want in each request.

Question 29

What is CRUD?

Answer 29

The four things most applications do: Create, Read, Update, and Delete

Question 30

What is the relationship between Cisco Catalyst Center and Cisco DNA Center?

Answer 30

They're the same thing, just rebranded

Question 31

What are the HTTP commands that correlate to CRUD?

Answer 31

Create = POST Read = GET Update = PATCH, PUT Delete = DELETE

Question 32

What are three examples of data serialization languages?

Answer 32

XML, JSON, and YAML

Question 33

What data serialization language is used by Ansible?

Answer 33

YAML

Question 34

What API uses XML and JSON?

Answer 34

REST

Question 35

In JSON, what do multiple key:value pairs enclosed in { } represent?

Answer 35

an object

Question 36

In JSON, what do multiple values enclosed in [ ] represent?

Answer 36

an array (note that keys are not included)

Question 37

Configuration drift is defined as...

Answer 37

how configurations drift away from the intended configuration over time

Question 38

True or false: Ansible is an agentless architecture

Answer 38

true

Question 39

Terraform is best-suited for...

Answer 39

cloud-based deployments

Question 40

What is the default protocol used by Ansible?

Answer 40

SSH (TCP 22)

Question 41

What configuration language does Ansible use?

Answer 41

YAML (based on Python)

Question 42

What configuration language does Chef use?

Answer 42

Ruby

Question 43

What is OpenFlow?

Answer 43

a protocol used on a controller's southbound interface (TCP 6653)

Question 44

What management tool uses YAML and SSH?

Answer 44

Ansible

Question 45

What management tool uses a DSL? What the fuck is a DSL?

Answer 45

Terraform uses a domain-specific language (as opposed to a general-purpose language like Python)

Question 46

What management tools use a pull model?

Answer 46

Puppet and Chef

Question 47

What tools use an agentless approach?

Answer 47

Ansible and Terraform