CCP 107 - Transfusion Medicine Flashcards
(42 cards)
1
Q
List the components of blood
A
- Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
- Leukocytes (white blood cells)
- Thrombocytes (platelets)
- Plasma
2
Q
Describe the makeup, origin and function of “Erythrocytes”
A
- Red Blood Cells
- Developed in the bone marrow
- 4 hemoglobin/erythrocyte
- Oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide CO2 transport
3
Q
Describe the function and type of “Leukocytes”
A
- White Blood Cells
“Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas”
- Neutrophils - 60% - respond to tissue damage, phagocytize bacteria, live 4 days
- Lymphocytes - 30% - immune response, T cells and B cells
- Monocytes - 6% - become macrophages, clean up tissue damage
- Eosinophils - 3% - responds to histamine/allergic reactions and parasites
- Basophils - 1% - become mast cells, produce histamine and heparin
4
Q
Describe function of “Thrombocytes”
A
- Platelets
- A factor in clot formation
- Activated by collagen, thromboxane A2, ADP or thrombin
- Will become “sticky” and attach to other platelets to grow the plug - stabilized by fibrin
5
Q
Describe the makeup and function of “Plasma”
A
- Plasma
- Liquid Component of blood
- Carries clotting factors
- 92-95% water, 5-8% proteins (globulin/albumin/fibrinogen), clotting factors, glucose, electrolytes, hormones, CO@ and O2
6
Q
Describe the functions of blood
A
- Ph regulator
- Temperature Regulator
- Supplies O2
- Supplies Nutrients - Glucose, amino acids, fatty acids
- Removal of waste - CO2, Urea Lactic Acid
- Immunological Functions - Carries WBC, contains antibodies
- Coagulation
- Messenger - Transport of hormones, singling tissue damage
7
Q
Explain the ABO/Rh system for red blood cells
A
Blood typing system (ABO):
- A system that defines the antigen (flag/marker that defines the cell) on a cell body and its compatibility with other blood types
- Cells with the same antigens can be transfused with like antigen cells
8
Q
Explain the ABO/Rh system for plasma
A
Plasma typing system (ABO):
- A system that defines the antibody (Ig immunoglobulin) within the plasma
- Will activate when it senses “non-self” antigens causing agglutination
- No Rh factor designation
9
Q
Define RhD
A
- Rh blood group, D antigen
- Originally discovered in Rhesus monkeys
- Can create transfusion reactions with mother/child during pregnancy
10
Q
Discuss HLA in the setting of blood administration
A
- Proteins present on White Blood Cells (WBC)
- When blood cells are transfused without adequate leukoreduction into someone who is immunocompromised the donor cells recognize the recipients cells as “non-self” and attack the recipient cells - Graft vs Host Disease
- leads to end organ failure, DIC, death
11
Q
List available Blood Products
A
- Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBC)
- Platelets
- Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
- Cryoprecipitate
- Albumin
- Fractionated Blood Products
12
Q
Describe Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBC)
A
Packed Red Blood Cells
- Average volume 300ml
- Hematocrit Hct 50-65%
- Residual plasma <20 %
- Stored 1 - 6*c
- Shelf life of 42 days
- Can be outside of refrigeration for 24 hours
- Must be transfused within 4 hours of being hung
- Citrate added for anti-coagulation
13
Q
Describe Platelets
A
a
14
Q
Describe Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)
A
a
15
Q
Describe Cryoprecipitate
A
a
16
Q
Describe Albumin
A
a
17
Q
Describe Fractionated Blood Products
A
a
18
Q
What are the Indications for Blood Transfusion
A
- Shock
- Coagulopathies
- Anemia/Hemorrhage: Hemoglobin >70 g/L -or- hemoglobin >90 g/L in ACS
19
Q
One unit of RBC will increase hemoglobin by?
A
10 g/L
20
Q
What is the ideal transfusion ratio?
A
1:1:1 (PRBC/Plasma/Platelets)
21
Q
Describe Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions (AHTR) and associated symptoms
A
a
22
Q
Describe Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions (FNHTR)
A
a
23
Q
Describe Allergic reactions in Blood transfusion
A
a
24
Q
Draw the Red Blood cell ABO/RH system chart
A
Insert Chart
25
Draw the Plasma ABO/RH system chart
Insert Chart
26
Which RED BLOOD CELL is considered the "Universal Donor"?
ABO/Rh O negative
27
Which RED BLOOD CELL group is considered the "Universal Recipient"?
ABO/Rh AB positive
28
Which PLASMA group is considered the "Universal Donor"?
ABO type AB
29
Which PLASMA group is considered the "Universal Recipient"?
ABO type O
30
What does antibodies do to red blood cells when they aren't compatible?
Agglutination - Red cells get stuck together and are flagged for lysing
31
At what rate do you start the transfusion of Blood Products?
50 mL/hr for 15 minutes
32
What is the maximum time frame or number of blood units that a blood administration set can be used for?
- 4 hours
- 4 units of blood products
- Cannot mix blood units (ie RBC and Plasma cannot use the same administration set)
33
If giving Type O blood which demographics would receive O negative and which would receive O positive?
- O negative: Females of child bearing age
| - O positive: Males and females older than child bearing age
34
According to new research, how many units of type A plasma can you provide to an unmatched individual and not receive negative side effects?
4-6 units
35
What blood product would you provide for a patient who was anemic?
- Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBC)
36
What blood product would you provide to replace clotting factors?
a
37
What blood product would you provide to assist with clot formation?
a
38
Are Red Blood Cells compatible with fluids other than normal saline?
No
39
What sized filter must be used with Red Blood cells?
170 - 260 microns
40
What does “Apheresis” mean?
- Single Donor
41
What is the recommended prophylaxis to prevent Citrate toxicity?
1g Calcium Chloride every 4-6 units of PRBC
42
Who are Irradiated PRBC’s used for and what changes will occur to the blood product?
- Patients at risk of developing Transfusion Associated Graft vs Host Disease (TA-GvHD)
- Higher Potassium (K+) and free Hemoglobin (Hgb)
