CCRN: Renal Flashcards
(46 cards)
acute renal failure or chronic renal failure has a higher mortality rate?
acute renal failure - (40%)… acute is secondary to something else… ex. sepsis, mi
whats the best dialysis schedule for someone in acute renal failure?
daily
whats the primary etiology of hyperphosphatemia?
renal failure
whats the relationship between calcium and phosphate?
inverse
bradycardia, tremors, and twitching muscles are associated with which electrolyte disorder?
hyperkalemia!!
treatment for hypercalcemia
fluids and diuretics… flush the calcium out of the kidneys because it could block them.
use for amphogel?
decreases high phosphate
hyponatremia is usually associate with…?
fluid overload
what can cause hypernatremia?
too much normal saline, diuretics, dehydration
best diagnostic test to eval renal trauma?
CT…. evaluates outside of kidney
which of the following would NOT cause renal failure? sepsis, shock, hypertension, bladder tumor
hypertension
causes of pre-renal failure?
low cardiac output, shock, renal artery stenosis…… a decrease flow to kidneys ->decrease pressure in renal artery->decrease filtration-> decrease GFR.. kidney response is vasoconstriction… end result is ischemic damage to kidney
intra-renal failure is caused by…
glomerulonephritis, antibiotics, myoglobinemia, diabetes…. damaged filter
which type of renal failure is caused by damage to filter (glomerulus)?
intra-renal kidney failure
post-renal failure
complete obstruction in urine flow
causes of post-renal failure?
bladder cancer, BPH, urethral calculi, urethral stricture, neurogenic bladder
during diuretic phase what happens to electrolytes?
dumps K and Na… but not filtering waste products so still might need dialysis
when you have diabetes and hypertension, you are at risk for 10x the risk of what?
renal failure
acute renal patients dont use peritoneal dialysis because….
if we infect the peritoneal membrane, it will be lost and we wont be able to use it later on if he becomes a chronic renal failure patient
hollow organs fair better in trauma than solid organs. T or F
True
best diagnostic test for kidney trauma
CT scan
what happens in diabetic ketoacidosis?
nsulin insufficient - leaves too much glucose in blood…pH acidotic so it takes potassium out of cell and into the blood and d/t concentration of K+ and glucose, body diureses - - lose your potassium storage - always check potassium after correcting sugar in DKA patient
too much potassium and you will see…
bradycardia, tremors/twitching, n/v, EKG changes (increased potassium supresses SA node)
why give Ca++ along with HCO3?
when moving towards alkalosis, potassium goes back into cell and can stimulate the heart… Ca++ stabilizes the heart
